Recent Image Sensor Theses

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There is a number of recently published image sensor theses:

University of Trento: "3D Camera Based on Gain-Modulated CMOS Avalanche Photodiodes", PhD Thesis by Olga Shcherbakova, April 2013

Delft University: "A Data Acquisition System Design for a 160x128 Single-photon Image Sensor", MSc Thesis by Sachin S. Chadha, April 2013

Delft University: "4T CMOS Active Pixel Sensors under Ionizing Radiation" PhD Thesis by Jiaming Tan, April 2013

Delft University: "The design of a 16*16 pixels CMOS image sensor with 0.5 e- RMS noise" MSc Thesis by Yao Q., embargoed till July 28, 2013

University of Pretoria: "Dynamic Range and Sensitivity Improvement of Infrared Detectors Using BiCMOS Technology" MSc Thesis by Johan Venter, Feb. 2013

York University: "Analysis and Design of a Wide Dynamic Range Pulse-Frequency Modulation CMOS Image Sensor" PhD Thesis by Tsung-Hsun Tsai, Dec. 2012

Ecole Centrale De Lyon: "Modeling and design of 3D Imager IC" PhD Thesis by Vijayaragavan Viswanathan, Feb. 2013 (Talks about different aspects of 3D stacking, not 3D imaging)
9:22 PM

Rambus Blog Post on Binary Pixels

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Rambus' blog post talks about the personal aspects of Binary Pixel team. Few quotes:

"The imaging team set out to solve this problem by applying our knowledge of chip design, signal processing & managed dataflow learned from our 100+ years of combined experience designing sensors and camera systems."

"Binary Pixel technology builds upon the visionary works of imaging and signal processing experts including: The Gigavision Camera by Professor Martin Vetterli at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Professor Edoardo Charbon at Delft University of Technology & EPFL; The Digital Film Sensor by Dr. Eric Fossum, pioneer in the modern CMOS active pixel image sensor."

Rambus: "Our test-chip demonstrates a 14 times improvement
in dynamic range, enabling pixel performance in mobile phone
cameras that exceeds most DSLRs"
11:21 PM

Condition Monitoring

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Condition monitoring is based on trending. It requires that suitable sensors be used, dedicated parameters be monitored, baseline (normal condition) be defined and trend of the data be captured to identify condition changes. Effective condition monitoring requires that all abnormal conditions be identified through comparisons with normal or baseline conditions. But it is not possible for each and every component of a complex power generation train to be identified in such a manner. Major machine component considered in common condition monitoring programs are:

Bearings, including radial and thrust bearings
Seal and packing
Rotor (shaft or crankshaft mechanism)
Auxiliaries, such as lube oil system, seal system cooling system and so on.

Regardless of the type of rotating machine, monitoring these component categories determine the condition of the machine.

It is important to obtain baseline information as soon as possible after starting up the power generation train. Baseline conditions are usually ignored in projects and this badly affects condition monitoring. Without a baseline, there is no reference point for comparing and interpreting data.
8:09 PM

Failure Analysis and Trouble Shooting

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Rotating machines do not fail randomly. There are root-causes for each failure. Usually the condition of the failed part has been changed and leads to failure.

To stop failure, it is necessary to know why failure occurs. Based on failure analysis knowledge, critical components should be selected for monitoring. Proper parameters, sensors and set points need to be defined for condition monitoring. By being aware of the major reason for failure and by observing the condition of necessary components, a high level of reliability can be achieved. Most failures in predictive maintenance and trouble-shooting exercises occur because the entire power generation system is not considered. Defining complete power generation system (all components, systems and parts involved) is a very important step.

Major reasons for problems and failure include:

Changes operating conditions, including changes in operating procedure. This is the most important reason for power generation machine failure.
Installation and commissioning issues.
Design, fabrication and assembly problems.
Machine wear-out.

All power generation trains react to operation, network and plant requirements. They do what the operation requires. Dynamic rotating machines use high-speed rotating parts (such as blades) to convert fluid energy to mechanical power and drive generator. Reliability of these rotating parts (as well as the reliability of the machine's auxiliaries) is considerably affected by operating conditions. The machine loading, transmitted torques, generated power and auxiliary functioning are affected by operation and particularly electrical power demand and control algorithms.


As an example, demand for more electrical power may result in train overload. The reliability of machine components (bearings, seals and so on) is directly related to the reliability of the auxiliary systems. In many cases, the root-cause of the component failure is found in the supporting auxiliary system. Changes in auxiliary system supply temperature, resulting from cooling water temperature change (for water cooled systems) or ambient air temperature change (for air-coolers), can be the root-cause of component failure such as bearing failure in the case of extra-hot oil. Operational changes can have similar effects. Usually machine or component failure occurs because equipment is subjected to conditions that exceed design values.

Most machinery damage and wear occur during transient conditions such as start-up or shutdown conditions. During this time, the equipment is subject to rapid temperature, pressure and speed changes. In many cases, the root-cause of rotating machine mechanical damage is that the power required by the system exceeded the capability of the machine.

Based on experience, the main failure root-cause is a change in operating conditions. A second common failure mechanism is issues related to installation and commissioning. Design or manufacturing problems (including engineering errors, material problems, manufacturing defects and so on) are a third source of failure, although design problems usually show up shortly after startup. Rare cases exist where design problems manifest themselves after an extended operating time. However, the main cause of design problem is that the component is not designed for specified operating condition. Component wear-out is often the effect and not the root cause. Worn out bearings, seals, wear rings and so on are usually due to operating condition changes. Various bearings often suffer from assembly or installation problems.

Trouble-shooting is used to discover and eliminate the root cause of trouble. Incomplete facts and insufficient information are primary reasons for failed trouble-shooting exercises. Usually in the rush to define what the problem is, many trouble-shooting engineers do not take sufficient time to obtain all of the facts. All changes should be properly identified for all components in power generation system (and her it is important to consider all parts such as auxiliaries and so on). Equipment functions, particularly all component and sub-system functions, need to be clearly identified. It is necessary to include all groups such as operators, maintenance people, manufacturers, sub-vendors and related contractors in the exercise. It is also important to find all baselines related to the major parameters involved.

Consider the following guides for trouble-shooting investigation:

Carefully observe failed component(s), their conditions and mode of failure. Failed component inspection is critical. Vendor opinion and consultant advices should be considered. Also, define the problem clearly.
Find the unit history, particularly operating time before the failure and the history of previous failures, especially similar failures.
Identify unit parameters, particularly those related to failed component (prior to failure). Baseline conditions should be obtained or established. Operator's logs and reliability data are useful sources of information. Special attention is required for parameters exceeding normal value. Trends are always important.
Collect data of failed component supply-source (and fabrication sources), design, materials, manufacturing details as well as assembly data and tolerances.
Identify all changes, particularly changes in operation. Investigate unit piping, foundation and all surrounding facilities.

New modeling methods, advanced simulation techniques and numerical calculations play important roles in trouble-shooting and root-cause analysis. For example, steam turbine rotor rub to the casing is often reported. Realistic dynamic and thermal expansion simulations of rotor and inner casing are required for a root-cause analysis of such cases. For many reliability issues, an accurate finite element analysis (FEA) of the machine is necessary to find real root-cause. Short cuts or simplified models may result in an erroneous conclusion.
8:08 PM

Bearing Monitoring

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Bearing fall into three major categories:

Anti-friction bearings
Hydro-dynamic bearings
Magnetic bearings.

Anti-friction bearings rely on rolling elements to carry the load of the equipment and reduce the power losses. In general anti-friction bearings are used for equipment of low horse-power (say, below 500 kW) or for special rotating machines such as aero-derivative gas turbines where light-weight design is absolutely necessary.

Hydro-dynamic bearings rely on liquid film, usually lubricating oil, to carry the load of the equipment and minimize friction.

Magnetic bearings use modern digital control techniques to offer contact-less, oil-free, compact, light, reliable and robust bearings. The shaft location is identified with advanced sensors. Digital controls are used to analyze deviations from the anticipated shaft center and calculated magnetic forces are applied to correctly position the high-speed rotating shaft. Magnetic bearings do not require lube oil. Position and corrective force signals can be used for condition monitoring of bearing. In other words, magnetic bearing technology offers the most reliable bearing type, the lowest power losses as well as built-in condition monitoring. To date, their high cost along with a lack of references and the conservative nature of the large-block power generation industry, limit the widespread use of magnetic bearings in power generation trains.


For the near-term at least, anti-friction and hydro-dynamic bearings will hold a large portion of the power generation-train market while magnetic bearing applications grow in special purpose rotating machine market.

Radial bearings are responsible for supporting the main static and dynamic loads (including rotating assembly weight, fluid forces and so on). Dynamic forces for gas turbines and steam turbines are usually in order of 10 to 30 percent of static loads. For gear units, radial load component is made up principally of the meshing forces of the gear teeth and the load will vary from zero to maximum torque. Gear units require careful bearing sizing and design. For all applications whether rotating machine itself or gear unit, there are specific oil film pressure limits which dictate the bearing dimensions (length and diameter).

Bearing life depends directly on the forces acting on the bearing to the third power. As an example, if the forces are twice the design values, the life of the bearing would be reduced by around eight times. Sources of bearing forces include the following:

Misalignment or unbalance
Increased pipe loading on machine (poor piping layout, unequal flow distribution, improper stress study and so on)
Machine fouling
Foundation forces (consider soft-foot, different settlement and so on)
Thermal expansion (change in cooling loop, operating temperature exceeding limits and so on)
Improper assembly or installation clearances.

The bearing should be installed in accordance with manufacturer instructions. Differences in bearing design, model, type and manufacturing should be respected. Major bearing reliability factors include:

Minimum external pipe loads
Minimum external foundation forces.
Proper alignment.

Exceeding the specified limit leads to reduced equipment reliability and shortened machine life. Extra safety margins on the limits outlined above mean increased reliability and expected life.

Bearings continuously support forces by providing sufficient bearing area and require oil flow to remove the generated frictional heat. Bearing forces, bearing area, oil flow and frictional heat should be carefully checked. Regarding condition monitoring, bearing housing vibration, bearing housing temperature and bearing lube oil conditions (mainly water content, particle content and so on) are continuously monitored.

Thrust bearings are usually vulnerable components considering their critical roles, their relatively fragile structures and their relatively low capacity (considering large axial forces in high-pressure machines). There are many reports about thrust bearing failures. The main reasons are more load than anticipated or insufficient bearing area, incorrect installation and unclean, insufficient or hot oil supply (sometimes even incorrect oil type or viscosity).

More load than anticipated is reported as a main reason for thrust bearing failure. This type of failure can be the result of higher operating pressures than design, insufficient clearances or operation errors.
8:07 PM

Bearing - Predictive Maintenace

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Preventive maintenance requires that maintenance is performed at predetermined intervals. It is time-based. But it is inefficient. There is usually no solid basis for replacing component on time basis.

Unnecessary component replacement exposes the machine to wide range of potential failure causes such as improper assembly, improper installation, component mal-function, component improper handling procedure and so on.

In addition, preventive maintenance can cause a mindset that automatically determines maintenance and component replacement at every turnaround regardless of component conditions. This can be a costly practice.


In one case study for a large gas turbine, bearings and seals were inspected in a planned shutdown. Deteriorations were found and seals and bearings were replaced.

It was decided to disassemble the gas turbine to inspect the interior machine condition for the possible cause of seal and bearing problems. No significant abnormality was found within the gas turbine and it was reassembled. Time-based maintenance, even if by chance, led to proper, on-time and correct replacement of components cannot identify cause of component wear-out or deterioration. In the example, if seal and bearing parameters were properly monitored for change, only the bearing and seal change would have been made without the unnecessary step of disassembling the machine.
7:57 PM

Bearing - Case Sudies

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The first case study is of a large instrument air 450 rpm reciprocating compressor for a large power plant. It supplies instrument air to an air-receiver vessel (downstream of compressor) which feeds instrument air for various continuous and intermittent requirements. The compressor train is started and stopped by means of a pressure of air-receiver (instrument air remaining volume), a classic design used on many units.

The compressor uses oil-free technology, which includes piston and packing work without any lubrication. However, the machine crankshaft system still requires a pressurized lubrication system, using a shaft-driven oil pump. Given its large size, the compressor uses sleeve-type bearings. In this example, the compressor suffers from bearing failure. The bearings were totally black and babbitt was not found on the bearing shells. At the same time, high vibration was not reported. It was confirmed that the bearings were correctly selected and installed. An extensive investigation showed that the power plant's actual instrument air consumption increased five times compared to its design value. This increase was mainly due to purge flow increases of the generators and other electrical equipment. It resulted in the compressor starting and stopping five times more often than the compressor design condition's specified value. In other words, since the flow produced by the compressor is constant, the increased consumption flow reduced the pressure in the air-receiver more rapidly and resulted in more frequent stops and starts. This in turn put the bearing under more transient stresses, resulting in an extended period of time when lubrication was lacking and loads were excessive (during transient situations). This in turn led to bearing failure.


The compressor vendor confirmed this compressor model was originally designed for continuous operation. It can also be operated for long durations of intermittent operation. But it cannot afford five times more starts/stops. The proposed solution involved changing the compressor control philosophy by eliminating stop/start and by operating the compressor continuously and using a bypass control valve to suction to the maintain air-receiver pressure.

A second case study involves oil contamination in the bearing brackets of a steam turbine. Water in the oil caused several bearing failure. The source of the water is from the carbon ring seal leakage of steam into the bearing bracket. Knowing that the main reasons for problems are usually based on operational changes or assembly/installation issues, these potential causes were checked first. A detailed analysis confirmed the trouble was design-related. Specifically, the carbon ring seal system (carbon ring seals and bearing bracket isolator) was not designed to prevent oil contamination in the bearing bracket. For this case, two solutions were proposed:

A bearing isolator to positively prevent steam condensate from entering the bearing bracket
An educator system to positively prevent leakage from the seal assembly.

Generally the first option is preferred. In this case, the first option was selected and implemented.
7:55 PM

Bearing - Other Practical Notes

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Alarm and trip set points are important for efficient and reliable operation. These set-points should be properly selected to avoid unnecessary alarm or shutdown (trip) in transient, but safe, situations.

On the other hand, malfunctions and problems must be identified in their early stages to avoid catastrophic damages. Set-points must be selected case-by-case considering all factors such as machine design, shop-test result, performance-test data, baseline, and so on, but some rules of thumb and practical recommendations may be followed.


Regarding anti-friction bearings, housing vibration (peak to peak) and bearing housing temperature limits are recommended around 10 mm/s and 85 C, respectively. For hydro-dynamic bearings, housing vibration (peak to peak) and bearing housing temperature limits are recommended at around 60 microns and 110 C, respectively (the limits are higher for hydro-dynamic bearings compare to anti-friction).

For anti-friction and hydro-dynamic thrust bearings, axial displacement limits are around 1 mm/s and 0.5 mm, respectively. Lube oil supply and return temperatures are usually around 60 C and 90 C, respectively. Lube oil analysis is an effective tool to evaluate bearing health.

Lube oil viscosity reduction to less than 50 percent (be sure to compare to lube oil producer specification), particle size larger than 25 micron or lube oil water content above 200 ppm need careful attention and can be considered as alarm limits.
7:54 PM

NHK Exhibits Stacked Organic Sensor

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NHK exhibited an interesting stacked organic sensor at its 2013 Open House event on May 30-June 2:


There are more photos at Japanese-language web site Imager Mania (nice site, BTW, I've added it to the Imaging Links in the left column), and apparently, a talk with NHK representative.
4:16 AM

Eric Fossum's Latest Papers on QIS, DIS and ToF

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Eric Fossum made available his latest papers on QIS, DIS, ToF on-line, including the best poster award win at IISW 2013 (first link):

S. Chen, A. Ceballos, and E.R. Fossum, Digital Integration Sensor, IISW 2013

E.R. Fossum, Application of Photon Statistics to the Quanta Image Sensor, IISW 2013

S. Masoodian, Y. Song, D. Hondongwa, JJ Ma, K. Odame and E.R. Fossum, Early Research Progress on Quanta Image Sensors, IISW 2013

Y. M. Wang, I. Ovsiannikov, S-J Byun, T-Y Lee, Y. Lee, G. Waligorski, H. Wang, S. Lee, D-K Min, Y.D. Park, T-C Kim, C-Y Choi, G.S. Han, and E.R. Fossum, Compact Ambient Light Cancellation Design and Optimization for 3D Time-of-Flight Image Sensors, IISW 2013

E.R. Fossum, Quanta Image Sensor (QIS): Early Research Progress (invited) in Proc. 2013 OSA Topical Meeting on Imaging Systems, Arlington, VA USA June 24-27, 2013.
10:46 PM

WHAT IS ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING?

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In school did you have a liking towards resistors, transistors, diodes in physics lab. Did you ever have a liking towards chips of computers or other electronic device or mainly did you have a liking towards electronic devices. Have you ever  wondered who configures a television or a computer. Due you wish to know more about different forms of communication , robotics, signal processing etc then electronics and communication is the right course for you.
  
Electronics and communication or EC is a branch of engineering which deals with study of electronic equipments which we use in our daily life and about communication such as radio, mobile etc. The content is more in the communication side than the electronics side. An electronics engineer deals with the fabrication of IC's and its components such as resistors, transistors etc. I will explain with an example the difference between an electrical engineer and an electronic engineer. An electrical engineer does the wiring of a television but it is an EC engineer who configures the television. I hope you understood the difference.
     
Almost all EC students tells that EC is a dry course full of theory. My EC batch-mates told me the same thing and i don't see them out of their classrooms. The syllabus is pretty difficult compared to other branches. The syllabus has a lot of maths, a bulk of equations, a lot of programming etc and so if you are not good in maths or equations then this is definitely not the course for you. Each semester has atleast 1 lab and i have heard that the lab exams are difficult (depends on the college). I have seen my friends disappointed after lab exams and they say that they didn't get the output result. I am saying all this because a lot of students take courses just because there is a vacant seat. Take this course only if you like electronics. If you are interested then i don't think the course going to be that difficult.  What is its scope??

Sony Unveils 1-inch BSI CMOS Sensor

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PR Newswire: Sony unveils Rx-100 II compact camera featuring 1-inch (13.2 x 8.8 mm) BSI CMOS sensor. The sensor's resolution is 20.2MP and the pixel size is 2.4um. Sony says that it is approximately 40% more sensitive to light compared to the same size FSI sensor in last year's RX100 camera.
9:24 AM

SCOPE OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

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What is electronics and communication engineering? What is its scope? Scope of electronics and communication engineering or EC engineering is huge because modern technology uses electronics, chips, transistors, fibre optics etc and you know that an EC engineer deals with all of these. Scope of EC engineering is vast that it is applied in every field. The development of the world that includes every area such as telecommunication, satellite, microelectronics, technology etc are all based on electronics engineering. Electronics has also helped in developing health care, automation, signal processing etc. 

Few fields where electronic engineers get placed are :


  • In medical field- Almost all medical equipments are electronic and hence for the installation and maintenance of those equipments.
  • In automobile- The speed dial, air bag systems etc are all based on electronics.
  • In modern equipments- For the production, maintenance and repair of computers, laptops,  tabs, mobiles etc.
  • In communication- Radio,telephones etc.
  • In government and private companies- Installation, operation and maintenance of electronics equipments and systems.
  • Defence- For design and development of complex devices and systems for signal processing and telecommunication.
  • Space and other research organisations- For design and development of complex devices and systems for signal processing and telecommunication.
  • Electronic industries- Design and fabrication of devices, embedded systems, electronic equipments etc. 
  • Process industries- For instrumentation and control of electronic devices.
  • IT companies- Well preferred as IT professionals.
  • Manufacturing- PCB, IC etc.

A lot of EC students end up in software companies. During one's course try to understand the concepts and go in depth that will help you get into a core company. The fact i understood is that one's profile should be good. Every student undergoes internship during their course and for you to be outstanding and to get an upper hand in placements it is always better to do internship abroad during your engineering course In India many companies hire EC engineers. Try to go for multinational companies if possible. You can get into these companies if you have a good profile and always visit their official sites for any notifications for vacancies. 
                 
 I will mention a few companies who requires EC engineers :
  1. TOSHIBA
  2. LG
  3. SAMSUNG
  4. SONY ERICSON
  5. NOKIA
  6. PHILIPS
  7. PANASONIC
  8. RAILWAY DEPARTMENTS etc
I haven't mentioned any IT companies because every IT companies such as TCS, Infosys etc hire EC engineers. You can also go for higher studies to make your career strong. You can go for MS or MBA according to your taste. MS is mainly engineering and research whereas MBA is management. Doing MS in countries such as US or UK is too high. You can choose according to your taste. You can also do post graduation cheaply but with more value.

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Aptina Applies for Selective Column Power Down Patent

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Aptina's patent application US20130134295 "Imaging systems with selectable column power control" by Hai Yan and Ashirwad Bahukhandi proposes a circuit to independently power down each column readout circuit, in case the column is not used in one of the partial-scan modes:

"In some situations, however, only a portion of the image pixels a pixel array may used to capture image data at any given time. For example, in some situations a sub-array of image pixels may be used to capture image data when it is desired to capture image frames having a reduced size at an increased frame rate. In a conventional image sensor, power that could otherwise be used to operate other portions of the imaging system or that could otherwise be stored and used for later imaging operations can therefore be used to unnecessarily power column readout circuits that are coupled to unused image pixels. It can be particularly useful to conserve this type of power in portable imaging systems that use batteries to provide power to the device or in power-saving modes in larger electronic devices with imaging systems."

One of the possible implementations of the power down latch circuit is below:

1:00 PM

WHAT IS AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING?

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During childhood everyone would have ran out of your house to glance up the sky to see an airplane or helicopter as soon as you hear its sound. You must have thought how this thing is flying as a bird or who made this thing. You might have thought of making an airplane and might have made with a paper. You might have bought a flying plane that is operated by a remote controller. You would have opened the toy just to know how it works. Well, If you still desire to make an airplane and If you wish to open a real airplane to know its mechanism aeronautical engineering is the right course for you.

Aeronautical engineering is the study of how plane (all kinds) fly within the earths atmosphere and to apply all that knowledge to design, build parts and to assemble them into aircrafts and also missiles. Mainly aeronautical engineering teaches about aerodynamics (effect of air on solid bodies), avionics (design of aircrafts), propulsion (force required for flying a body), material science (selecting light material that can withstand large amount of force), structural analysis (for stability) and manufacturing (techniques).

Development and manufacturing of a modern or a new flight is a too complex and expensive process. For that you should have knowledge in this field, must be skillful, creative and should know about latest flight technologies. Main areas of focus are testing, maintenance of aircrafts and missiles, fuel and system analysis, dangers of aircrafts, its effect on environment etc. You should be good in maths and you have to study electronics, software design, risk analysis etc.

I will mention the subjects  (not all) that you have to study during the course- Material Science and Engineering, Thermodynamics, Manufacturing Processes, Advanced engineering mathematics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering. Fluid Mechanics, Theory of Machines, Aircraft Materials, Machine Design, Vibration Engineering, Heat Transfer, Aircraft System, Aircraft Structure, Propulsion, Reliability and Maintenance Engineering, Fatigue and Fracture, Total Quality Management, Aerodynamics, Aircraft Design, Maintenance of Power Plant System, Helicopter Theory, Aircraft Communication and Navigation, Civil Aviation and Regulation, etc. I have written previously on scope of aeronautical engineering.

SCOPE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

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A few people have a misconception about aeronautical engineering. "Will i be able to fly an airplane one day?" will be the first thing a student who is planning to join a UG course thinks. He/she will ask someone about the doubt and the person explains that there are not many opportunities because there are many pilots these days. Well the truth is that you become an aeronautical engineer after the course and not a pilot. Well to be a pilot you should join a flying/aviation center and get a flying license (can do after school).

A lot of companies hire aeronautical engineers to do the following work
  • For the construction of aircrafts
  • For the testing purposes such as efficiency testing, flight testing etc
  • For the design purposes such as airframe design, engine design etc
  • For the maintenance of aircrafts
  • For the functioning of aircrafts
  • For the manufacturing of aircrafts
  • For investigation purposes such as airplane crashes, impact on environment etc
  • As flight controllers or air traffic controllers.
The companies that hire aeronautical engineers are commercial aviation companies, space research agencies, civil aviation, research centers (industrial, government and academic). Many jobs are available in United States of America, Europe, Gulf etc. The job of an aeronautical engineer is prestigious and the pay is too good. I am sure that it is the dream of every engineers to get into NASA. Well this course is one of the pathways to NASA. Try to join the top colleges if possible. Its best to join colleges that also gives training in flying a n airplane. You can also go for higher studies to get more knowledge and to increase your pay and chances of getting into top companies of the world. You can also do post graduation cheaply but with more value.


RELATED TOPICS             
BEST COURSE OF ENGINEERING FOR 2013
SCOPE OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SCOPE OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
SCOPE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
SCOPE OF PRODUCTION ENGINEERING 
SCOPE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SCHOLARSHIPS FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS


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Principal Designer – Piping- KBR Saudi Arabia

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Principal Designer – Piping Under direct supervision, independently evaluates, selects, and applies standard engineering techniques, procedures, and criteria, using judgment in making minor adaptations and modifications. With additional experience within one functional area, assists in the design of larger and more complex assignments which involve conventional types of plans, investigations and

Omnivision Announces Improved Version of 8MP/30fps 1.4um BSI-2 Pixel Sensor

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Business Wire: OmniVision announces the OV8865, a low-power, high-performance 1/3.2-inch 8MP sensor targeting mobile devices, including advanced smartphones and tablets. Featuring an improved 1.4um OmniBSI-2 pixel, the OV8865 is said to deliver better pixel performance in a smaller package and uses less power when compared to the previous-generation OV8835.

"Reports are predicting that more than 1.8 billion smartphones and 250 million tablets will be produced annually by 2015[1], with the majority of this growth expected to come from developing markets like China and India. We are bringing to market the OV8865 at a time when manufacturers in these booming markets are looking for a cost-competitive camera solution for their slim and feature-rich devices with extended battery life," said Harish Iyer, product marketing manager at OmniVision. "The 8-megapixel OV8865 has been re-engineered from top to bottom. With an enhanced 1.4-micron OmniBSI-2 pixel, the OV8865 has improved camera performance and image quality when compared to our last generation 8-megapixel sensor, and offers smaller package-size and lower power consumption."

The OV8865 provides a number of performance improvements over the previous generation OV8835 CameraChip sensor: dark current has been reduced by 50% and DR is improved by 5% (should be 15% or 1.5dB: was 68.7dB, now 70.23dB). Additionally, the OV8865 consumes less power when compared to the OV8835, achieving the sub-200 mW benchmark currently favored by many high-end mobile device manufacturers. Both new and old sensors have 30fps speed at full resolution. The sensor also delivers 1080p30 or 720p60 video with EIS. The OV8865's 2 x 2 binning functionality with post-binning resampling filter minimizes spatial artifacts.

The OV8865 comes in a smaller footprint when compared to the OV8835, fitting into 8.5 x 8.5 x 5 mm module. It is currently available for sampling and is expected to enter volume production in the Q4 2013.

11:30 AM

Panasonic 1.12um Pixel SmartFSI Product Flyer

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It appears that Panasonic 13MP 1/3.06-inch SmartFSI MN34130 sensor is production now. Its product flyer has been published a couple of days ago and has quite detailed product information, although not related to the pixel performance:

10:57 AM

ITE and IISS Joint Transaction Section on Advanced Image Sensor Technology

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International Image Sensor Society joins ITE (Japan Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers) Transactions on Media Technology and Applications in announcing a forthcoming Special Section on "Advanced Image Sensor Technology" to be published in April 2014. The publication has a number of unique features:

  • If the manuscript is submitted until March 2014, the publication fee is free.
  • No limitation on number of pages
  • Open access
  • Reviewers will be assigned in world wide.
  • Authors of IISW 2013 papers are welcome to submit their original papers on the significant part of their work presented at IISW 2013 to the Special Issues of MTA.
  • Video contents is encouraged in order to accelerate the manuscript understanding by readers.

The paper submission deadline is August 31, 2013, so hurry up! Information for authors can be found in http://www.ite.or.jp/en/mta/information_for_authors.html

Update: Video content should be included as URL link.
11:18 AM

IISW 2013, Day 4 Review

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Albert Theuwissen concludes his excellent series of reports from IISW 2013. The fourth day was the day of global shutters and oversampling in various domains.
12:42 PM

Mass Transfer

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Mass transfer can also occur in liquids and solids as well as in gases. For example, a cup of water left in a room will eventually evaporate as a result of water molecules diffusing into the air (liquid-to-gas mass transfer).
A piece of solid CO2(dry ice) will also get smaller and smaller in time as the CO2 molecules diffuse into the air (solid-to-gas mass transfer).

A spoon of sugar in a cup of coffee will eventually move up and sweeten the coffee although the sugar molecules are much heavier than the water molecules, and the molecules of a colored pencil inserted into a glass of water will diffuse into the water as evidenced by the gradual spread of color in the water (solid-to-liquid mass transfer.

Of course, mass transfer can also occur from a gas to a liquid or solid if the concentration of the species is higher in the gas phase. For example, a small fraction of O2 in the air diffuses into the water and meets the oxygen needs of marine animals. The diffusion of carbon into iron during case-hardening, doping of semiconductors for transistors, and the migration of doped molecules in semiconductors at high temperature are examples of solid-to-solid diffusion processes


We have spent a considerable amount of time studying heat transfer, and we could spend just as much time (perhaps more) studying mass transfer. How-ever, the mechanisms of heat and mass transfer are analogous to each other,and thus we can develop an understanding of mass transfer in a short time with little effort by simply drawing parallels between heat and mass transfer.

Establishing those “bridges” between the two seemingly unrelated areas will make it possible to use our heat transfer knowledge to solve mass transfer problems. Alternately, gaining a working knowledge of mass transfer will help us to better understand the heat transfer processes by thinking of heat as a massless substance as they did in the nineteenth century. The short-lived caloric theory of heat is the origin of most heat transfer terminology used today and served its purpose well until it was replaced by the kinetic theory.

Mass is, inessence, energy since mass and energy can be converted to each other according to Einstein’s formula
E = mc^2
, where c is the speed of light.
Therefore, we can look at mass and heat as two different forms of energy and exploit this to advantage without going overboard.
6:59 AM

Pelican Imaging Video Wins Telly Award

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Pelican Imaging announces at its LinkedIn Company Page that it has received a Telly Award for "smart camera" video. The Telly Awards was founded in 1979 and is honoring outstanding commercials (including on-line commercials), programs, video and film productions. The winning video appears to have been produced by The Distillery creative agency, in case anybody wants to promote his/her image sensors too.

Here is the winning Youtube video, already appeared in an earlier post here:

2:29 AM

Toshiba HDR Demo

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Toshiba publishes HDR demo video. Toshiba says that HDR is one of their main technologies in CIS. The demo does not promise wonders, but rather, shows a realistic estimate of what can be achieved with the company's approach:


Update: Toshiba has published this video on Youtube, one can watch it in 1080p quality.
1:12 AM

Fujitsu Journal ISP Issue

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Fujitsu Scientific and Technical Journal, Vol 49, No. 1 is entirely devoted to the company's image processing LSIs, including its Milbeaut ISPs for DSCs and mobile phones. The scope of the articles spans from the ISPs descriptions to H.264 compressor features, to packaging trends, to system verification and more.

12:47 AM

Billion Pixels from Mars

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NASA assembled a Giga-pixel panorama from few hundreds of pixels pictures sent by Curiosity rover. Impressive achievement!
12:34 AM

Agilent Device Analyzer Targets RTN Measurements

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While not a fresh news, Agilent newly enhanced B1500A Semiconductor Device Analyzer features WGFMU measurement module with RTN noise measuring capability. It appears that RTN characterization market becomes large enough to warrant a dedicated setup development:

12:26 PM

Rambus Publishes its IISW 2013 Presentation

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Rambus published its IISW 2013 presentation dated by June 16. Among other things, the presentation introduces the conditional reset concept:

11:29 AM

The Differential Pressure Flow Measuring Principle - Video

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Differential Pressure Flow Measuring working principle for Orifice plate, Venturi and Nozzle. This video explains the working principle of differential pressure flow measuring instruments with fantastic animation. Easy to understand.

Flow Measuring Instruments working Principle Animated Video





Flow Measuring Instrument using Differential pressure
Keywords: flow meter,meter flow,flow sensor,

LEAD PIPING DESIGNER – AIBEL SINGAPORE

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Lead Piping Designer Aibel AS is one of the largest Norwegian services companies that engineer, build, maintain and modify oil and gas production facilities. Aibel’s long experience, skills and expertise help the clients to achieve more efficient energy production. Your responsibilities: Production, modification and review of discipline related documents and drawings. What we are looking for
2:02 PM

Team Lead -Piping Design - Aibel

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Aibel is a leading service company within the oil and gas and renewable energy sectors. We are committed to creating value for our customers, as well as being a progressive and interesting workplace for our employees. Area Engineering - Piping & Layout Stavanger is responsible for the delivery of engineering resources, expertise, methods and tools to study and modification projects located in

IISW 2013, Day 3 Report

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Albert Theuwissen continues his review of IISW 2013 news. Day 3 part covers CCD and CMOS presentations and invited talk by Mike Tompsett.
10:43 AM

TowerJazz Enters IR Imaging Space

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Business Wire: TowerJazz-US announces that it will be the wafer manufacturer for IR sensing and camera devices. In addition to traditional IR defense and space applications, TowerJazz will facilitate expansion into other consumer markets such as gaming, personal security, and application driven platforms, market segments which are already well served by the company.

"Our leading edge CMOS for custom imaging products and our expertise in bringing specialty processing and MEMS to volume manufacturing fits extremely well with the proven capabilities of our customer," said David Howard, Executive Director and Fellow, TowerJazz.
9:24 AM

2013 IISW: Awards, Organizational Announcements

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These announcements came from Eric Fossum:

-The IISS Walter Kosonocky Award is presented bi-annually for THE BEST PAPER presented in any venue during the prior two years representing significant advancement in solid-state image sensors. The award commemorates the many important contributions made by the late Dr. Walter Kosonocky to the field of solid-state image sensors. The 2013 IISS Walter Kosonocky Award was presented for the paper “A 33-Megapixel 120-Frames-Per-Second 2.5-Watt CMOS Image Sensor With Column-Parallel Two-Stage Cyclic Analog-to-Digital Converters,” by Kazuya Kitamura, Toshihisa Watabe, Takehide Sawamoto, Tomohiko Kosugi, Tomoyuki Akahori,Tetsuya Iida, Keigo Isobe, Takashi Watanabe, Hiroshi Shimamoto, Hiroshi Ohtake, Satoshi Aoyama, Shoji Kawahito, and Norifumi Egami. The author team is from NHK, Brookman Technology and Shizuoka University.

-The IISS Exceptional Service Award is presented for exceptional service to the image sensor specialist community. The 2013 award was made to Albert J.P. Theuwissen for exceptional contributions to the education of image sensor specialists through his books, university teaching, organization of various educational activities in conjunction with IEEE and IISS meetings, and continuing professional education with Harvest Imaging.

-The IISS Exceptional Lifetime Achievement Award is made to a member of the image sensor community who has made substantial sustained and exceptional contributions to the field of solid-state image sensors over the course of their career. The 2013 Award was presented to Gene P. Weckler for significant contributions to the advancement of solid-state image sensors.

-Among the many excellent presentations made at this year’s IISW, the IISW was honored to have Dr. Michael Tompsett, who invented and developed the CCD image sensor (US Patent No. 4,085,456), deliver a keynote speech. Dr. Tompsett touched on many aspects of the invention and subsequent development of the CCD image sensor as well as his other activities in solid-state electronics. Dr. Tompsett received a standing ovation from the audience at the conclusion of his talk.

-The IISS announced the 2015 IISW will be held in Europe and Co-Chaired by Johannes Solhusvik and Albert Theuwissen, with Pierre Magnan serving as Technical Program Chair. The exact location is TBD.

-The IISS also announced changes in its organization. As part of a planned leadership rotation, Nobukazu Teranishi will assume primary responsibility of the IISS as President for the coming six years commencing at the conclusion of the 2013 IISW, taking the reins from Eric Fossum, who has served as President for the first six years of the IISS. The IISS has added Boyd Fowler to the Board of Directors, joining Teranishi and Fossum, as well as Solhusvik, Theuwissen and Junichi Nakamura, yielding two Directors from each of the three continental regions served by the IISS and the IISW.

-The International Image Sensor Society (IISS), a California Non-Profit, Public Benefit Corporation for scientific education, plans to have no membership requirements or dues for the coming year, and will continue to offer free and unlimited access to its on-line library of Workshop papers dating to 1986 and before. The papers from the 2013 IISW will be posted in mid-September 2013.

The workshop site has 2 group photos taken with Nokia 808 Pureview camera phone and Canon EOS5D cropped to 13MP - one can compare a quality.
12:41 PM

Mechanical Designer (Piping & Structural) - Dubai

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Atlantic Resourcing provides flexible and innovative recruitment solutions to the international oil and gas industry. We deliver a full range of recruitment and selection services for our clients. We were established in 1996 and we have dedicated offices in Aberdeen and Dubai and a member of the Petrofac Group. Our client/Mother Company, who is one of the most active Oil and Gas EPC Company,

Imec and Panasonic Present 2k4k/60fps Sensor

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Imec presents a CMOS sensor capturing 12b 4000 x 2000 pixel progressive images at 60fps. Based on a stagger-laced dual exposure, the image sensor developed with Panasonic, was processed using imec’s 130nm CMOS process on 200mm silicon wafers to deliver high-speed and high-quality imaging, at reduced output bit rate.

The sensor is based on 4T shared pixel with a pitch of 2.5um and a conversion gain of 70 μV/e-, which allows for both a classical rolling shutter or stagger-laced scanning mode. The sensor has 12-bit column-based delta-sigma ADCs. The stagger-laced scanning method improves imaging sensitivity and realizes a 50% reduction in output data rate by alternating the readout of two sets of horizontal pixel pairs arranged in two complementary checkerboard patterns. The overall power consumption of the imager is less than 2W.

This is an important milestone for imec to demonstrate our capability to co-design, prototype and manufacture high performance CMOS image sensors in our 200 mm CMOS fab,” commented Rudi Cartuyvels, SVP of Smart Systems & Energy Technologies at imec.

Imec-Panasonic 2k4k Sensor
9:20 AM

PDMS Piping Designer – Air Energi Monaco

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PDMS Piping Designer – Air Energi Contact:  Pierre Turgis Global Location:  Europe Location: Monaco Sector: Design Contract Type: Permanent Salary: relocation bonus   Further Information: A major EPC company specialized in the Offshore Oil & Gas industry is looking for a PDMS Piping Designer to join their team in Monaco. This is a permanent position (staff). A relocation package is

PDMS PIPING DESIGNER - HOUSTON

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PDMS Piping Designer NES Global Talent is a leading global technical recruitment company providing professional contract and permanent staff to a diverse world-wide client base within the oil & gas Industry. Our client, a global Engineering Company, has an opportunity for a PDMS Piping Designer to work on a contract basis in Houston, TX. Responsibilities Provide equipment layout,

Pelican Imaging Demos its Camera Capabilities

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PR Newswire: Pelican Imaging releases a Youtube video showing capabilities of its mobile array camera, including all-in-focus image capture, linear measurement, and 3D video capture:

12:27 PM

Senior PDMS Piping & Layout Designers- Norway

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Senior PDMS Piping & Layout Designers Job ID #: 8723 Country: Norway Job category: Technical/Engineering Location: Stavanger Position type: Employee Department: GG-085-Piping & Layout SVG (130) Experience required: 5 - 7 Years Education required: Bachelors Degree

Microsoft Complains about Image Sensor Power

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While this topic has been covered in one of the recent posts, this time it appears again in MIT Technology Review:

"Victor Bahl, research manager of the mobility networking group at Microsoft Research... said at the MIT Technology Review Mobile Summit in San Francisco on Tuesday that while much work has been done to reduce the size and improve the resolution of image sensors, there hasn’t been much attention paid to their power circuitry." Microsoft proposes to reduce the sensor power by powering down the sensor between the active capture slots, described in their paper at Mobisys conference to be held later this month in Taiwan.
9:22 PM

Image Sensor Fundamentals for Beginners

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AIA, the machine vision trade association, published 2-part video course on image sensor basics (part 1, part 2):


8:57 PM

Albert Theuwissen Reports from IISW 2013, Day 2

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The day 2 report by Albert Theuwissen covers SPAD imagers and poster sessions at International Image Sensor Workshop at Snowbird, UT.
7:47 AM

All About CMOS Sensors in 75 Slides

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Taiwan National Chiao Tung University published a nice CMOS image sensor course materials covering pretty much all important things in just 75 slides, written by Chia-Ming Tsai. There is also 58-slide long CCD course on the same page.

Update: As written in comments, most of the material in the CMOS and CCD slides is not original and, actually, copied from Albert Theuwissen's and Stanford University courses.
6:21 AM

Albert Theuwissen Reports from IISW 2013

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Albert Theuwissen published a review of the first day presentations at International Image Sensor Workshop being held these days in Snowbird, UT. As there are too many presentations to write, Albert just mentioned a few spanning from reverse engineering revelations to the sensor noise analysis.
6:19 AM

Scallop Uploads its 2-Color Filter Video to Vimeo

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Scallop Imaging, a division of Tenebraex, published Vimeo video demonstrating its Gemini 2-channel color filter performance in low light. The video is made using "a leading 1.2MP monochrome sensor with 3.75 µm pixel" equipped with the Gemini color filter array. It's compared to the color version of the same image sensor. One can also see a few snapshots and discussion i comments to my earlier post on this 2-color filter technology.
11:14 PM

Rambus to Present Binary Pixel Test Chip Results

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Business Wire: Thomas Vogelsang, Rambus, is to present present results from an binary pixel sensor test-chip that demonstrates DR extension by a factor of 14 compared to a conventional sensor in the same technology. During this presentation at IISW 2013 being held these days in Snowbird, UT, Thomas Vogelsang will discuss the system design of the Rambus Binary Pixel technology and how the HDR image sensor oversamples the incident light by using the ADC output at each sampling and resetting the pixel only if a threshold has been exceeded.
10:38 PM

Podcast on 17 Curiosity's Cameras

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NASA published a nice post talking about 17 cameras installed on board of Mars rover Curiosity. Among other things, it explains why we do not see videos from Curiosity and how the panorama images are being shot:

9:57 PM

CAD Coordinator SP3D / PDMS Job – Bechtel London

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CAD Coordinator SP3D / PDMS Job Date: May 30, 2013 Location: London, GB Requisition ID: 74691 - Organization: OG&C - Location: London CAD Coordinator Job Description Function as the project CAD coordinator in the Design office. Applications include PDS, SP3D, MicroStation, ProjectWise. Leads & directs project designers in the use of automation tools and processes.

Lead Piping Engineer – Manchester WorleyParsons

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Imec and Holst to Present Flexible Organic Sensor for X-Ray Scintillators

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Imec News, Solid State Technology: At this week’s IISW (Snowbird, US, June 12-16 2013), imec and Holst Centre present a large-area fully-organic photodetector array fabricated on a flexible substrate. The imager is sensitive in the wavelength range between 500 and 600 nm, making it compatible with typical scintillators and therefore suitable for x-ray imaging applications.

Because of their very high absorption coefficient, organic semiconductors allow extremely thin active layers (10 to 50 nm). Also, given their low processing temperature, they can be processed on foils. As a result, organic imagers can be more robust and light-weight compared to their traditional counterparts and may be used for conformal coating of randomly shaped substrates. Moreover, the wide variety of organic molecules available ensures that the properties of the active layer can be tuned to applications requiring specific wavelength ranges.

Fully-organic, flexible imager developed by imec, Holst Centre and Philips Research
6:01 AM

EPFL Molybdenite-based Sensor

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ScienceDaily, Phys.org: In 2011, an EPFL team led by Andras Kis announced molybdenite (MoS2) and its potential in various technological applications. Now they publish a paper in Nature Nanotechnology presenting a molybdenite sensor prototype.

Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS2
Oriol Lopez-Sanchez, Dominik Lembke, Metin Kayci, Aleksandra Radenovic & Andras Kis

Molybdenyte is similar to graphene in his properties as a monomolecular layer. However, it has a direct badgap of 1.8eV which is said to simplify its optoelectronic applications. The new paper demonstrates "ultrasensitive" monolayer MoS2 phototransistors with improved device mobility and ON current. The devices show a maximum external photoresponsivity of 880 A/W at a wavelength of 561 nm and a photoresponse in the 400–680 nm range. The large photoresponse is apparently achieved by photoconductive gain. Here is how the phototransistor looks, from the previous publications:

EPFL Sensor Prototype
5:53 AM

SiOnyx Passed US Army Performance Test

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Optics.org: SiOnyx sensor successfully captured images when the system was operated by the US Army, in a test scene at the Army’s premier agency for night vision technology, a company official said.

"This validated the system’s ability to image at 60 frames per second at 1 millilux," replicating moonless night, said Martin Pralle, VP of government programs at SiOnyx.
"That’s the point at which this becomes useful in a lot of military scenarios," he added. "We did it in their labs, on their equipment. They controlled the amount of light. We now have independently validated the camera in the Army’s premier test site." The SiOnyx sensor is said to offer a ten-fold increase in sensitivity at 1064 nm, the wavelength of choice for many laser targeting applications.

In addition to the military products, SiOnyx plans to announce a number of consumer applications requiring the enhanced IR of black silicon, which could see the technology used in computational imaging or biometrics. The SiOnyx imagers are fabricated by TSMC.

0.9 mLux comparison of a "best-in-class" CCD (left) and SiOnyx'
XQE-1310 black silicon sensor. Martin Pralle from says that this is
equivalent to what the US Army saw in their recent laboratory tests.
9:21 PM

DOUBLE BLOCK AND BLEED BALL VALVE ANIMATION

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Double Block and Ball Valve Animation How it works Double Block and Bleed Valve Double block and bleed valve, DBB valve animation, DBB How it works?

CMOSIS and TowerJazz Ramp Up 12MP/150fps APS-C GS Sensor Production

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Business Wire: CMOSIS and TowerJazz announces the ramp to volume production for CMOSIS’ 12-megapixel CMV12000. The off-the-shelf CMV12000 is manufactured in TowerJazz’s Fab-2 in Migdal Haemek, Israel using its 0.18µm specialty CIS process (TS18IS) and is based on CMOSIS’ collaboration and co-development with TowerJazz’s R&D group. The CMV 12000 product features 5.5 x 5.5 µm pixel 4096 x 3072 array covering 4k resolution in an APS-C optical format. It offers high sensitivity and low noise, global shutter and a frame rate of 150 fps providing best in-class performance serving various markets such as industrial inspection, broadcasting, motion analysis and others.

According to a 2012 Yole Développement CMOS image sensors report: 530,000 machine vision cameras were sold in 2011 and sales of machine vision cameras are expected to grow to 644,000 units in 2015 at a 5% CAGR. The report also noted that while today CCD still represents the large majority of the machine vision market, CMOS cameras are expected to represent half of the sales in 2015 and to take over about 80% of the machine vision market in 2020. Today, CMOS-based cameras represent only 20% of the global market in units, but 80% of the R&D of camera manufacturers’ investments.

CMOSIS continues to expand its relationship with TowerJazz to collaborate on its next generation of CMOS image sensors. TowerJazz’s process features low dark current, low noise and high dynamic range and its skilled support the customization of pixels per customer requirements and project needs.

"We have enjoyed a very fruitful relationship with TowerJazz for several years. TowerJazz has an expert team that can customize the CIS process to our needs and create, together with us, new pixels that outperform our competitors. Our ability to offer innovative imaging products with highly reliable performance is based on our collaboration with TowerJazz and their mature process technology, extensive R&D investment and excellent customer support. By combining our companies’ expertise, we are able to offer a rich solution for various digital imaging applications," said Lou Hermans, COO, CMOSIS.
10:59 AM

Fujifilm and Panasonic Present Organic Image Sensor Papers

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Panasonic and Fujifilm present two papers on their latest developments on organic pixel sensors: one at VLSI Symposium and a second one at IISW this month.

The sensor combines Fujifilm's organic photoelectric conversion layer technology with Panasonic's semiconductor technology, including a newly-developed noise-cancelling circuit. The new organic CMOS image sensor is said to offer the industry's highest dynamic range of 88dB, advanced sensitivity 1.2 times higher than conventional sensors (by Panasonic) and broader range of incident angle (up to 60deg) to enable the production of more sensitive and compact lenses with better image quality. The two companies will promote the application of this organic CMOS image sensor technology to a wide range of products including security cameras, in-vehicle cameras, mobile device and digital cameras. The pixel size ranges from 0.9um to 3um.

10:48 AM

ISORG Receives JPCA Award

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ISORG's distributor in Japan, Techno Alpha, receives JPCA Show Award (Tokyo, Japan) for "a disruptive technology for industrial and consumer electronics applications".
10:31 AM

Plastic Logic and ISORG Partner on Flexible Image Sensor

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Plastic Logic and ISORG join forces to commercialize flexible image sensors. The collaboration is based on the deposition of organic printed photodetectors (OPD) by ISORG, onto a plastic organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) backplane, developed by Plastic Logic, to create a flexible sensor with a 4x4 cm active area, 375um pitch (175um pixel size with 200um spacing) and 94 x 95 = 8 930 pixel resolution.

The backplane design, production process and materials were optimized for the application by Plastic Logic to meet ISORG's requirements. Combined with ISORG's unique organic photodetector technology, it opens up the possibilities for a range of new applications, based around digital image sensing, including smart packaging and sensors for medical equipmen tand biomedical diagnostics, security and mobile commerce (user identification by fingerprint scanning), environmental, industrial, scanning surfaces and 3D interactive user interfaces forconsumer electronics (printers, smartphones, tablets, etc.).

ISORG's CEO, Jean-Yves Gomez stated: "We are extremely pleased to showcase our disruptive photodiode technology in a concrete application for imaging sensing. The ability to create conformal and large area image sensors, which are also thinner, lighter and more robust and portable than current equipment is of increasing importance, especially in the medical, industrial and security control sectors."

Indro Mukerjee, CEO Plastic Logic said: "I am delighted that Plastic Logic can now demonstrate the far-reaching potential of the underlying technology. Our ability to create flexible, transmissive backplanes has led us not only to co-develop a flexible image sensor,but is also key to flexible OLED displays as well as unbreakable LCDs."

11:22 AM

Lead Piping Designer - Cadskills Pte Ltd - Singapore

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Lead Piping Designer  - Cadskills Pte Ltd  Singapore Responsibilities Lead all plant layout and piping design activities specializing in 3D layout designProduce various discipline deliverables within schedule including Piping plans and Elevations, extraction of Isometrics, clash detection, reports and MTOFocus on successful project delivery & developed high standard of presentation
8:34 PM

Concert Lasers Damage Image Sensors

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There is a growing number of videos showing how image sensors can be damaged by concert lasers:







One would expect the excessive energy to burn color filter first, while the underneath layers be able to withstand quite a significant heating. But it looks like the a whole column and/or row stops working, pointing to the electrical nature of the damage. The laser is green and should not cause the oxide charge accumulation in MOSFETs and STI. So, what can be the mechanism of such a damage?

My first guess was that a large photocurrent on the transistor diffusions in the array exceeds elecromigration limits blows some metal or via. Most CIS processes offer about 0.5mA per um of metal width for the array metals. Then, assuming the metal width in RED and Canon large sensors is 0.2um, the maximum allowed current should of order of 100uA. To get to this current, the photon flux should be about 2.0e15 ph/s per pixel. Seems way too much for these concert lasers.

And even if we managed to reach the electromigration limit of 100uA, the metal is supposed to last a long time at that current, such as 10,000 hours or more, assuming the sensor is colder than 70-80C. So, my next guess was that these large sensors get much hotter in video mode. If my memory serves me, the electromigration increases 3 times per 15C of temperature rise. Still, this does not sound enough to fit to the electromigration theory.

So, the next guess was that the laser heats the pixel locally, to 200-250C or so and then the electromigration limit gets exceeded. Currently, this seems to be my best guess. If true, the workaround should be to put the current limiters at each column and row, and also to the pixel VDD lines.

Anyone has a better explanation for the damage?

Update: Yet another Canon video of laser show published at Youtube on June 21, 2013, showing a similar column and row damage.
9:32 AM

Piping Designer – WorleyParsons Bangkok

online engineering degree/engineering degree online/online engineering courses/engineering technology online/engineering courses online/engineering technician degree online/online engineering technology/electronic engineering online
Job Title: Piping Designer Job Type: Full-time Location of Job: Bangkok, BM TH (Primary) Job Description Primary Objective Responsible for performing piping design activities using project approved “in house” 3D CAD modelling and 2D drafting systems. Specific Accountabilities Produce the various discipline deliverables to the agreed schedule. Apply recognised offshore

Omnivision IR Presentation

online engineering degree/engineering degree online/online engineering courses/engineering technology online/engineering courses online/engineering technician degree online/online engineering technology/electronic engineering online
Omnivision's June 2013 investor presentation includes few slides its business:

10:48 PM

Panasonic Restructuring

online engineering degree/engineering degree online/online engineering courses/engineering technology online/engineering courses online/engineering technician degree online/online engineering technology/electronic engineering online
Panasonic IR Day presentations reveal the first details of its restructuring program. Panasonic has been split into 4 companies. The semiconductor business belongs to Automotive & Industrial Systems Company. With respect to image sensors, it appears that Panasonic limits its future activity to medical, automotive and security applications only:

11:30 AM

TNEA RANDOM NUMBER HOSTED CHECK HERE

online engineering degree/engineering degree online/online engineering courses/engineering technology online/engineering courses online/engineering technician degree online/online engineering technology/electronic engineering online

 

The students can have overall rank and community wise ranking too. The student can opt based on your community rank too. There will be separate community ranking is available for BC/BCM/MBC/SC/SCA/ST community. The percentage of reservation various categories as follows:

Like this, the ranking and merit list will be prepared on overall ranking and community based ranking for all those whoever applied for Engineering Admission. The first cut-off mark 200/200 will be considered, based on this above factors & overall state ranking will be prepared in descending order.

Open Competition (OC)

31%

Backward Class  (BC)

26.50%

Backward Class Muslim (BCM)

3.5%

Most Backward Class (MBC) & Denotified Communities (DC)

20%

Scheduled Caste (SC)

15%

Scheduled Caste (Arunthathiyars) (SCA)

3%

Scheduled Tribes

1%

Before the announcement TNEA ranking 2012, Anna University, Chennai will release will give Random number for all the students whoever applied for Admission. It's nothing but system auto generated number. This might be the 10 digit number. This will be considered as the 5th category on the TNEA ranking.




CLICK HERE TO CHECK YOUR RANDOM NO

 

9:45 PM

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