Omnivision and Aptina Update their Factsheets

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Last month Omnivision and Aptina updated their factsheets. Few interesting graphs from the Omnivision's one (2012 fiscal year ends in April 2012):

12:25 AM

Lytro Switches its CEO

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As Ren Ng posted in Lytro company blog, "we have entered a new chapter for Lytro. I have decided to step aside as CEO and take on a new role that will let me concentrate on innovation as Executive Chairman. I will remain a full-time employee, 100% focused on Lytro. In my new role I will shift attention from day-to-day operations, to focus again on product vision, technology, and strategic direction for the company.

Charles Chi will be taking over as interim CEO. Charles has been our Executive Chairman for the last two years.
"

"The last two years have been a very exciting and dramatic period of growth for Lytro. We launched the company out of stealth, raised approximately $50M, grew a team of over 80 people, and shipped a truly revolutionary product."

Via dpreview.
12:15 AM

Leti and Banpil Multispectral Imagers

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Some time ago Banpil came with a bold statement of knowing a way to build broad spectrum imagers, claimed "to be manufactured by using conventional semiconductor process":


Now Banpil says that the patents on this technology have have been granted. While the company does not give the patent numbers, it appears to be US8174059 and US8101971 patents, offering a stack of InGaAs photoabsorption layer on GaAs or InP substrate:


The photodiode has n type InP substrate 10, n+ and low doped InAs(y)P(1-y) buffer layers 11, InAs(0.6)P(0.4) layer 13, In(0.8)Ga(0.2)As layer 15 as absorption layer, highly doped InAs(0.6)P(0.4) layer 17 for ohmic contact. Photodiode has the n type ohmic contact 20 at the backside of the substrate 10, and p type of ohmic contact 22 at the top of the photodiode.

The patent's abstracts sound almost like an ad: "Novel structures of the photodetector having broad spectral ranges detection capability are provided. The photodetector offers high quantum efficiency >95% over wide spectral ranges, high frequency response >10 GHz (@3 dB). The photodiode array of N x N (or M x N) elements is also provided. The array also offers wide spectral detection ranges ultraviolet to 2500 nm with high quantum efficiency >95% and high frequency response of >10 GHz, cross-talk of <0.1%. In the array, each photodiode is independently addressable and is made either as top-illuminated or as bottom illuminated type detector. The photodiode and its array provided in this invention, could be used in multiple purpose applications such as telecommunication, imaging, and sensing applications including surveillance, satellite tracking, advanced lidar systems, etc. The advantages of this photodetectors are that they are uncooled and performance will not be degraded under wide range of temperature variation."

Banpil has made sample-level sensor array products available for demonstration by request.

Leti Annual Research Report 2011 too presents multispectral imagers based on n on
p photodiodes implanted in a thin HgCdTe film (few μm) grown on CdZnTe substrate (see p. 15). Leti managed to extend their spectral response from the usual LWIR band all the way to 250nm UV:


On p. 36 Leti presents its work on Fabry-Perot RGB filters with nice looking color separation graphs, sans somewhat low peak transmission:

12:10 AM

Truesense CCDs Power Curiosity

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Truesense Imaging blog says that the four camera systems on Mars rover Curiosity are all based on the Truesense Imaging KAI-2020 image sensor. The Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) will capture images during descent to provide a framework of the landing site for early operations, while the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) will capture high resolution images (up to 14.5 μm per pixel) of Martian rocks and soil after landing. And the Mast Camera (MastCam) includes two cameras – each with the same sensor but using different lenses – that will capture high resolution still and 720p video images of the planet’s surface. And all of them rely on the KAI-2020 to capture full color, high resolution images.

Curiosity is scheduled to land on Mars on August 6, 2012.
3:38 AM

Temporal Dark Noise Measurements

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Albert Theuwissen continues his "How to Measure..." series of articles. The last one on temporal noise in darkness discusses the procedure and the results interpretations.
12:21 PM

CMOSIS Announces 20MP/30fps Full Frame Global Shutter Sensor

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EE Journal: CMOSIS announces a 20MP global shutter sensor for industrial applications. The new CMV20000 sensor features 5,120 x 3,840 resolution with 6.4 um sized pixels resulting in an active sensor area of 32.8 x 24.6 mm (35 mm film optical format). Its peak QE is more than 45%, responsivity is 8.29 V/lux.s, and DR is 66 dB. The 8T pixel is said to reduce dark noise and FPN of the sensor.

At full 20MP resolution and with a 12-bit ADC resolution the CMV20000 delivers 30 fps. This is achieved by using 16 LVDS outputs running at 480 Mbit/s each. At full resolution and frame rate, the power dissipation is 1.1W. This power consumption can be dynamically controlled when lower frame rates are used.

Driving and programming the on-chip features such as HDR modes, offset and gain programming and power dissipation control is done over a 3-wire read-write SPI control.

The monochrome variant of the CMV20000 sensor is in production today. A color variant, with RGB Bayer CFA filter, will be introduced to the market in Q4 2012. It is housed in a ceramic 143-pin PGA package and can be operated in the -20 to +70 ºC temperature range.

The CMV20000 was originally developed as a customized, exclusive product aimed at complex traffic management applications. An agreement with the original customer allows CMOSIS to offer this imager to third parties for applications outside the traffic field.
12:14 PM

ST Imaging Presentation

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STMicroelectronics NV 2012 Investors & Analysts Day on May 23, 2012 has a part presenting its imaging business status:


Imaging Strategy: Diversification…

Deploy products diversification and innovation across various segments and lead new applications

  • Proximity sensors
  • Man machine interface, gesture recognition
  • Automotive, gaming, medical, security
  • Partnership with leaders in defined segments

Support diversified business models

  • Image sensors, sensors, modules, ISPs, wafers

Expand on higher value segments in mobile imaging products

  • New Products expansion: new moving optics camera / BSI image sensors & modules / Prime camera & video modules / Generic, Customer Driven ISP’s
  • Extending Customer Base


Recent Achievements:

Mobile Phone

  • Design win and production volumes of a new improved low light sensor in some Windows smart-phones. Phones shipping on the market now.
  • Design win and production volumes of a new ISP for an Android smart-phone market leader, several phone models shipping on the market now.
  • 3rd generation of fully integrated (ISP + image sensor), camera module in customer ramp-up. Smart phones available now.
  • 4th generation of reflowable camera module, with enhanced image quality in customer ramp-up

New applications

  • Security: Design win / business award at a leading security camera manufacturer
  • Medical: Business award of a new generation of CMOS X-Ray sensors for medical applications with a leader in the industry
  • Digital still camera: Design win, business award in samples stage of a high performance large image sensor for a leading brand
  • Proximity sensor: Technology hitting the market. Excellent customer feed-back based on proprietary time of flight technology
  • Automotive: Won major safety system camera and processor for a key European Tier 1 and OEM
7:09 AM

Invisage Gets a Chairman of the Board

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Marketwire: InVisage announces that it has named industry veteran Syrus P. Madavi as chairman of the board. In addition to his position as chairman of InVisage, Madavi is president of a private fund SPM Capital. Madavi's career has included serving as chairman, president and CEO of Burr-Brown Corporation; president, COO, and director of JDS Uniphase; SVP of TI; president of Raytheon Semiconductor; and founder and president of Signal Processing Technologies.
12:17 PM

Samsung Galaxy S3 Camera Supply Chain

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Samsung Securities published its analysis of Galaxy S3 camera supply chain. Few interesting quotes from the document:

Sony keeps second sourcing of the rear camera for the new Samsung smartphone leader:


Forecast of BSI adoption rate in smartphones, according to Samsung and Sony:


Camera module market shares:

12:01 PM

Containership in short Details

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Containership Virtual Tour

A container ship is a type of ship, which is constructed for the transport of containers. Vessel’s construction enables efficient loading of the maximum number of containers with minimum waste of space.
The freight capacity of container ships is measured in TEU (Twenty – Foot Equivalent Unit) and is stating the number of 20’ containers which can be loaded. This virtual cargo ship is a container ship of the type Baltic CS 2500 with a capacity of 2.478 TEU is equipped with 3 cargo cranes for loading and discharging of containers.

Please rollover the red areas to display more informations.

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What is TEU ? twenty-foot equivalent unit

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What is TEU ?
The twenty-foot equivalent unit (often TEU or teu) is an inexact unit of cargo capacity often used to describe the capacity of container ships andcontainer terminals. It is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1 m) intermodal container, a standard-sized metal box which can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as ships, trains and trucks.
One TEU represents the cargo capacity of a standard intermodal container, 20 feet (6.1 m) long and 8 feet (2.44 m) wide. There is a lack of standardisation in regards to height, ranging between 4 feet 3 inches (1.30 m) and 9 feet 6 inches (2.90 m), with the most common height being 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m). Also, it is common to designate 45-foot (13.7 m) containers as 2 TEU, rather than 2.25 TEU.

Forty-foot equivalent unit (often FEU or feu)

Standard unit for describing a ship's cargo carrying capacity, or a shipping terminal's cargo handling capacity. A standard forty-foot (40x8x8 feet) container equals two TEUs (each 20x8x8 feet).

The 20 Foot Shipping Container: The Basic Unit of Shipping Measure

Although the 20 foot shipping container is no longer a favorite length for international shipping, it remains one of the ISO standard sizes, and it still is the basic unit of measure.
The 20 ft equivalent unit (TEU) is the building block for expressing shipping capacity. The length in a TEU could vary to 24 or 35 feet and still be expressed as 1 TEU. Only the width at 8 feet remains consistent between the various sizes. The height may vary from a 4 foot 3 inch half height 20 ft container, to the 9 foot 6 inch “high cube” container. The 8 ½ foot height is most common. The height and exact volume don’t matter to the measurement; it still equals one TEU. A container of 40 or 45 feet would both equal 2 TEU in this “imperial” measuring system.
Likewise, 2 TEU equals 1 FEU or 40 foot container. Again, the exact height and mass of the container doesn’t matter. The TEU and FEU are called imperial measurements because the U.S. Defense Department needed standardization for war purposes but there was too much variability to make it all one, so they used an approximation method to standardize.
Maximum gross mass of a 20 foot shipping container for dry cargo is 24,000 kg and for a 40 foot container, regardless of the height, is 30,480kg. The payload maximum is 21,600 kg for the 20 foot container and 26,500 for the 40 foot version.

For many years the 20 foot shipping container was the standard length used by Matson and other major shipping companies. Matson found this size ideal for the goods it carried between U.S. west coast ports and Hawaii, and they fit comfortably into the hold of the converted World War II C-3 cargo ships Matson used for many years.
The operations research Matson ordered to verify optimal size in 1957 concluded that the 20 foot container up to a size of 25 feet in length was, indeed, optimal for Matson’s purposes. Matson ordered the 20 foot shipping containers to be built and they were stacked six high in the cargo holds and on the top deck of Matson’s freighters.
The 20 ft was never popular with trucking companies. They were too short to fit maximally on truck beds. Frequently it was impossible for trucks to load two 20 foot shipping containers together because of road weight limitations. The optimal load size for most single bed trucks is 24 to 27 feet in length.

In the 21st century the 48 and 53 foot containers are more popular for international ocean-going ships. Many 20 foot containers lie abandoned at ship yards across the world because they are too small to be used in many cases, despite the importance of the 20 ft as a unit of measure.

 ContainerA Container is a transportable unit-permitting intermodal unitized merchandise distribution, which may be national or international. This may be involved on FCL or LCL type of consignment. Most Container types are built to ISO standards. The usual Container modular size is 2.45m x 2.45m with a varying length of 3.05m, 6.10m, 9.15m, or 12.20m. A wide variety of Containers exist including, inter alia, covered dry, top loader, bulk powder, bin type skeleton, refrigerated. It includes Twenty Foot Equivalent Units (TEUs) and Forty Foot Equivalent Units (FEUs).


 



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Glossary_of_nautical_terms

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Gaff:
1. The spar that holds the upper edge of a four-sided fore-and-aft mounted sail.
2. A hook on a long pole to haul fish in.
Gaff rigged: A boat rigged with a four-sided fore-and-aft sail with its upper edge supported by a spar or gaff which extends aft from the mast.
Gaff vang: A line rigged to the end of a gaff and used to adjust a gaff sail's trim.
Gam: A meeting of two (or more) whaling ships at sea. The ships each send out a boat to the other, and the two captains meet on one ship, while the two chief mates meet on the other.[8]
Gammon iron: The bow fitting which clamps the bowsprit to the stem.
Galley: the kitchen of the ship
Gangplank: A movable bridge used in boarding or leaving a ship at a pier; also known as a "brow".
Gangway: An opening in the bulwark of the ship to allow passengers to board or leave the ship.
Garbling: The (illegal) practice of mixing cargo with garbage.
Garboard: The strake closest to the keel (from Dutch gaarboard).
Garboard planks: The planks immediately either side of the keel.
Gash: Any refuse or rubbish which is discarded into a refuse container or dustbin which is known as "gash fanny" (South African Navy).
Gash Fanny: Refuse container or dustbin.
Gennaker: A large, lightweight sail used for sailing a fore-and-aft rig down or across the wind, intermediate between a genoa and a spinnaker.
Genoa or genny (both /?d??ni/): A large jib, strongly overlapping the mainmast.
Ghost: To sail slowly when there is apparently no wind.
Gibe: See gybe.
Gin-pole: A pole that is attached perpendicular to the mast, to be used as a lever for raising the mast. Also jin-pole.
Give-way (vessel): Where two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve a risk of collision, this is the vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of the other.
Glass: A marine barometer. (Older barometers used mercury-filled glass tubes to measure and indicate barometric pressure.)
Global Positioning System: (GPS) A satellite based radionavigation system providing continuous worldwide coverage. It provides navigation, position, and timing information to air, marine, and land users.
Go-fast boat, is a small, fast boat designed with a long narrow platform and a planing hull to enable it to reach high speeds – also called ‘a rum-runner’, or, more recently, ‘a cigarette boat’.
Going about or tacking: Changing from one tack to another by going through the wind (see also gybe).
Gooseneck: Fitting that attaches the boom to the mast, allowing it to move freely.
Goosewinged: Of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel sailing directly away from the wind, with the sails set on opposite sides of the vessel—for example with the mainsail to port and the jib to starboard, to maximize the amount of canvas exposed to the wind. Also see running.
Grapeshot: Small balls of lead fired from a cannon, analogous to shotgun shot but on a larger scale. Similar to canister shot but with larger individual shot. Used to injure personnel and damage rigging more than to cause structural damage.
Grave: To clean a ship’s bottom.
Gripe: Temporary eye in a line(rope).
Grog: Watered-down pusser's rum consisting of half a gill with equal part of water, issued to all seamen over twenty. (CPOs and POs were issued with neat rum) From the British Admiral Vernon who, in 1740, ordered the men's ration of rum to be watered down. He was called "Old Grogram" because he often wore a grogram coat, and the watered rum came to be called 'grog'. Often used (illegally) as currency in exchange for favours in quantities prescribed as 'sippers' and 'gulpers'. Additional issues of grog were made on the command 'splice the mainbrace' for celebrations or as a reward for performing especially onerous duties. The RN discontinued the practice of issuing rum in 1970. A sailor might repay a colleague for a favour by giving him part or all of his grog ration, ranging from "sippers" (a small amount) via "gulpers" (a larger quantity) to "grounders" (the entire tot).
Groggy: Drunk from having consumed a lot of grog.
Ground: The bed of the sea.
Grounding: When a ship (while afloat) touches the bed of the sea, or goes "aground" (qv).
Gunport: The opening in the side of the ship or in a turret through which the gun fires or protrudes.
Gunner's daughter: see kissing the gunner's daughter.
Gunwale (/???n?l/): Upper edge of the hull.
Gybe or jibe (both /?d?a?b/): To change from one tack to the other away from the wind, with the stern of the vessel turning through the wind. (See also going about and wearing ship.)


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Glossary_of_nautical_terms

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Earings: Small lines, by which the uppermost corners of the largest sails are secured to the yardarms.
Echo sounding: Measuring the depth of the water using a sonar device. Also see sounding and swinging the lead.
Embayed: The condition where a sailing vessel (especially one which sails poorly to windward) is confined between two capes or headlands by a wind blowing directly onshore.
En echelon: Forward and aft gun turrets on opposite sides of the ship, example.
Engine order telegraph: a communications device used by the pilot to order engineers in the engine room to power the vessel at a certain desired speed. Also Chadburn.
Extremis: (also known as “in extremis”) the point under International Rules of the Road (Navigation Rules) at which the privileged (or stand-on) vessel on collision course with a burdened (or give-way) vessel determines it must maneuver to avoid a collision. Prior to extremis, the privileged vessel must maintain course and speed and the burdened vessel must maneuver to avoid collision.
Eye splice: A closed loop or eye at the end a line, rope, cable etc. It is made by unraveling its end and joining it to itself by intertwining it into the lay of the line. Eye splices are very strong and compact and are employed in moorings and docking lines among other uses.

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Glossary_of_nautical_terms

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Fair:
1. A smooth curve, usually referring to a line of the hull which has no deviations.
2. To make something flush.
3. A line is fair when it has a clear run.
4. A wind or current is fair when it offers an advantage to a boat.
Fall: The part of the tackle that is hauled upon.
Fairlead: A ring, hook or other device used to keep a line or chain running in the correct direction or to prevent it rubbing or fouling.
Fall off: To change the direction of sail so as to point in a direction that is more down wind. To bring the bow leeward. Also bear away, bear off or head down. This is the opposite of pointing up or heading up.
Fantail: Aft end of the ship, also known as the Poop Deck.
Fardage: Wood placed in bottom of ship to keep cargo dry. (Also see Dunnage)
Fast: Fastened or held firmly (fast aground: stuck on the seabed; made fast: tied securely).
Fathom (/?fæð?m/): A unit of length equal to 6 feet (1.8 m), roughly measured as the distance between a man's outstretched hands. Particularly used to measure depth.
Fender: An air or foam filled bumper used in boating to keep boats from banging into docks or each other.
Fetch:
1. The distance across water which a wind or waves have traveled.
2. To reach a mark without tacking.
Fid:
1. A tapered wooden tool used for separating the strands of rope for splicing.
2. A bar used to fix an upper mast in place.
Fife rail: A freestanding pinrail surrounding the base of a mast and used for securing that mast's sails' halyards with a series of belaying pins.
Figurehead: symbolic image at the head of a traditional sailing ship or early steamer.
Fireroom: The compartment in which the ship's boilers or furnaces are stoked and fired.
Fire ship: A ship loaded with flammable materials and explosives and sailed into an enemy port or fleet either already burning or ready to be set alight by its crew (who would then abandon it) in order to collide with and set fire to enemy ships.
First-rate: The classification for the largest sailing warships of the 17th through 19th centuries. They had 3 masts, 850+ crew and 100+ guns.
Fish:
1. To repair a mast or spar with a fillet of wood.
2. To secure an anchor on the side of the ship for sea (otherwise known as "catting".)
First Lieutenant: In the Royal Navy, the senior lieutenant on board; responsible to the Commander for the domestic affairs of the ship's company. Also known as 'Jimmy the One' or 'Number One'. Removes his cap when visiting the mess decks as token of respect for the privacy of the crew in those quarters. Officer i/c cables on the forecastle. In the U.S. Navy the senior person in charge of all Deck hands.
First Mate: The Second in command of a ship.
Fixed propeller: A propeller mounted on a rigid shaft protruding from the hull of a vessel, usually driven by an inboard motor; steering must be done using a rudder. See also outboard motor and sterndrive.
Flag hoist: A number of signal flags strung together to convey a message, e.g. 'England expects...'.
Flank: The maximum speed of a ship. Faster than "full speed".
Flare:
1. A curvature of the topsides outward towards the gunwale.
2. A pyrotechnic signalling device, usually used to indicate distress.
Flatback: A Great Lakes slang term for a vessel without any self unloading equipment.
Flemish: To coil a line that is not in use so that it lies flat on the deck.
Flotsam: Debris or cargo that remains afloat after a shipwreck. See also jetsam.
Fluke: The wedge-shaped part of an anchor's arms that digs into the bottom.
Fly by night: A large sail used only for sailing downwind, requiring little attention.
Folding propeller: A propeller with folding blades, furling to reduce drag on a sailing vessel when not in use.
Following sea: Wave or tidal movement going in the same direction as a ship
Foot:
1. The lower edge of any sail.
2. The bottom of a mast.
3. A measurement of 12 inches.
Footloose: If the foot of a sail is not secured properly, it is footloose, blowing around in the wind.
Footrope: Each yard on a square rigged sailing ship is equipped with a footrope for sailors to stand on while setting or stowing the sails
Force: See Beaufort scale.
Fore, forward, foreward (/?f?r?rd/, and often written "for'ard"): Towards the bow (of the vessel).
Forecastle: A partial deck, above the upper deck and at the head of the vessel; traditionally the sailors' living quarters. Pronounced /?fo?ks?l/. The name is derived from the castle fitted to bear archers in time of war.
Forefoot: The lower part of the stem of a ship.
Foremast jack: An enlisted sailor, one who is housed before the foremast.
Forestays: Long lines or cables, reaching from the bow of the vessel to the mast heads, used to support the mast.
Foul:
1. The opposite of clear. For instance, a rope is foul when it does nor run straight or smoothly, and an anchor is foul when it is caught on an obstruction.
2. A breach of racing rules.
3. An area of water treacherous to navigation due to many shallow obstructions such as reefs, sandbars, or many rocks, etc.
Foulies: A slang term for oilskins, the foul-weather clothing worn by sailors. See also oilskins.
Founder: To fill with water and sink ? Founder (Wiktionary)
Fourth rate: In the British Royal Navy, a fourth rate was, during the first half of the 18th century, a ship of the line mounting from 46 up to 60 guns.
Frame: A transverse structural member which gives the hull strength and shape. Wooden frames may be sawn, bent or laminated into shape. Planking is then fastened to the frames. A bent frame is called a timber.
Freeboard: The height of a ship's hull (excluding superstructure) above the waterline. The vertical distance from the current waterline to the lowest point on the highest continuous watertight deck. This usually varies from one part to another.
Full and by: Sailing into the wind (by), but not as close-hauled as might be possible, so as to make sure the sails are kept full. This provides a margin for error to avoid being taken aback (a serious risk for square-rigged vessels) in a tricky sea. Figuratively it implies getting on with the job but in a steady, relaxed way, without undue urgency or strain.
Furl: To roll or gather a sail against its mast or spar.
Futtocks: Pieces of timber that make up a large transverse frame.


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Glossary_of_nautical_terms

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Daggerboard: A type of light centerboard that is lifted vertically; often in pairs, with the leeward one lowered when beating.
Davy Jones' Locker: An idiom for the bottom of the sea.
Day-blink: Moment at dawn where, from some point on the mast, a lookout can see above low lying mist which envelops the ship.
Day beacon: An unlighted fixed structure which is equipped with a dayboard for daytime identification.
Dayboard: The daytime identifier of an aid to navigation presenting one of several standard shapes (square, triangle, rectangle) and colors (red, green, white, orange, yellow, or black).
Dead ahead: Exactly ahead, directly ahead, directly in front.
Deadeye: A wooden block with holes (but no pulleys) which is spliced to a shroud. It is used to adjust the tension in the standing rigging of large sailing vessels, by lacing through the holes with a lanyard to the deck. Performs the same job as a turnbuckle.
Deadrise: The design angle between the keel (q.v.) and horizontal.
Dead run: See running.
Deadwood: A wooden part of the centerline structure of a boat, usually between the sternpost and amidships.
Decks: The top of the boat; the surface is removed to accommodate the seating area. The structures forming the approximately horizontal surfaces in the ship's general structure. Unlike flats, they are a structural part of the ship.
Deck hand, decky: A person whose job involves aiding the deck supervisor in (un)mooring, anchoring, maintenance, and general evolutions on deck.
Deck supervisor: The person in charge of all evolutions and maintenance on deck; sometimes split into two groups: forward deck supervisor, aft deck supervisor.
Deckhead: The under-side of the deck above. Sometimes paneled over to hide the pipe work. This paneling, like that lining the bottom and sides of the holds, is the ceiling.
Derrick: A lifting device composed of one mast or pole and a boom or jib which is hinged freely at the bottom.
Devil seam: The devil was possibly a slang term for the garboard seam, hence "between the devil and the deep blue sea" being an allusion to keel hauling, but a more popular version seems to be the seam between the waterway and the stanchions which would be difficult to get at, requiring a cranked caulking iron, and a restricted swing of the caulking mallet.
Devil to pay (or devil to pay, and no pitch hot): "Paying" the devil is sealing the devil seam. It is a difficult and unpleasant job (with no resources) because of the shape of the seam (up against the stanchions) or if the devil refers to the garboard seam, it must be done with the ship slipped or careened.
Dhow: the generic name of a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with lateen sails used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region, typically weighing 300 to 500 tons, with a long, thin hull. They are trading vessels primarily used to carry heavy items, like fruit, fresh water or merchandise. Crews vary from about thirty to around twelve, depending on the size of the vessel.
Dinghy:
1. A type of small boat, often carried or towed as a ship’s boat by a larger vessel.
2. Also a small racing yacht or recreational open sailing boat, often used for beginner training rather than sailing full-sized yachts.
3. Utility dinghies are usually rowboats or have an outboard motor, but some are rigged for sailing.
Directional light: A light illuminating a sector or very narrow angle and intended to mark a direction to be followed.
Displacement: The weight of water displaced by the immersed volume of a ship's hull, exactly equivalent to the weight of the whole ship.
Displacement hull: A hull designed to travel through the water, rather than planing over it.
Disrate: To reduce in rank or rating; demote.
Dodger: A hood forward of a hatch or cockpit to protect the crew from wind and spray. Can be soft or hard.
Doghouse: A slang term (in the US, mostly) for a raised portion of a ship's deck. A doghouse is usually added to improve headroom below or to shelter a hatch.
Dogvane: A small weather vane, sometimes improvised with a scrap of cloth, yarn or other light material mounted within sight of the helmsman. (See Tell-Tale)
Dog watch: A short watch period, generally half the usual time (e.g. a two hour watch rather than a four hour one). Such watches might be included in order to rotate the system over different days for fairness, or to allow both watches to eat their meals at approximately normal times.
The Doldrums or equatorial calms: The equatorial trough, with special reference to the light and variable nature of the winds.[7]
Dolphin: A structure consisting of a number of piles driven into the seabed or riverbed as a marker.
Dory or doree, dori or (RN) dorey: A shallow-draft, lightweight boat, about 5 to 7 metres long, with high sides, a flat bottom and sharp bows. Traditionally used as fishing boats, both in coastal waters and in the open sea.
Double-shotted: The practice of loading smooth-bore cannons with two cannon-balls.
Downbound:
1. Adjective describing a vessel traveling downstream.
2. Adjective describing eastward-traveling vessels in the Great Lakes region (terminology as used by the St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation).
Downhaul: A line used to control either a mobile spar, or the shape of a sail. A downhaul can also be used to retrieve a sail back on deck.
Drabbler: An extra strip of canvas secured below a bonnet (q.v.), further to increase the area of a course
Draft or draught (both /?dr??ft/): The depth of a ship's keel below the waterline.
Dragon boat (also dragonboat) is one of a family of traditional paddled long boats of various designs and sizes found throughout Asia, Africa and the Pacific Islands. For competitive events, they are generally rigged with decorative Chinese dragon heads and tails. Dragon boat races are traditionally held during the annual summer solstice festival.
Dressing down
1. Treating old sails with oil or wax to renew them.
2. A verbal reprimand.
Driver: The large sail flown from the mizzen gaff.
Driver-mast: The fifth mast of a six-masted barquentine or gaff schooner. It is preceded by the jigger mast and followed by the spanker mast. The sixth mast of the only seven-masted vessel, the gaff schooner Thomas W. Lawson, was normally called the pusher-mast.
Drogue (/?dro??/): a device to slow a boat down in a storm so that it does not speed excessively down the slope of a wave and crash into the next one. It is generally constructed of heavy flexible material in the shape of a cone. Also see sea anchor.
Dunnage (/?d?n?d?/):
1. Loose packing material used to protect a ship's cargo from damage during transport. (Also see Fardage)
2. Personal baggage.


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Cabin: an enclosed room on a deck or flat.
Cabin boy: attendant on passengers and crew. often a young man sometimes used for sexual activity
Cable: A large rope.
Cable length: A measure of length or distance. Equivalent to (UK) 1/10 nautical mile, approx. 600 feet; (USA) 120 fathoms, 720 feet (219 m); other countries use different values.
Caboose: a small ship's kitchen, or galley on deck.
Can: A type of navigational buoy often a vertical drum, but if not, always square in silhouette colored either green or black. In channel marking its use is opposite that of a "nun buoy".
Canister: a type of antipersonnel cannon load in which lead balls or other loose metallic items were enclosed in a tin or iron shell. On firing, the shell would disintegrate, releasing the smaller metal objects with a shotgun-like effect.
Canoe stern: A design for the stern of a yacht which is pointed, like a bow, rather than squared off as a transom.
Cape Horn fever: The name of the fake illness a malingerer is pretending to suffer from.
Capsize: When a ship or boat lists too far and rolls over, exposing the keel. On large vessels, this often results in the sinking of the ship.
Capstan: A large winch with a vertical axis. A full-sized human-powered capstan is a waist-high cylindrical machine, operated by a number of hands who each insert a horizontal capstan bar in holes in the capstan and walk in a circle. Used to wind in anchors or other heavy objects; and sometimes to administer flogging over.
Captain's daughter: The cat o' nine tails, which in principle is only used on board on the captain's (or a court martial's) personal orders.
Cardinal: Referring to the four main points of the compass: north, south, east and west. See also "bearing".
Careening: Tilting a ship on its side, usually when beached, to clean or repair the hull below the water line. Also known as to "heave down".
Carvel built: A method of constructing wooden hulls by fixing planks to a frame so that the planks butt up against each other. Cf. "clinker built".
Cat —
1. To prepare an anchor, after raising it by lifting it with a tackle to the cat head, prior to securing (fishing) it alongside for sea. (An anchor raised to the cat head is said to be catted.)
2. The cat o' nine tails (see below).
3. A cat-rigged boat or catboat.
Catamaran: A vessel with two hulls.
Catboat: A cat-rigged vessel with a single mast mounted close to the bow, and only one sail, usually on a gaff.
Catharpin: A short rope or iron clamp used to brace in the shrouds toward the masts so as to give a freer sweep to the yards.
Cat o' nine tails: A short nine-tailed whip kept by the bosun's mate to flog sailors (and soldiers in the Army). When not in use, the cat was kept in a baize bag, hence the term "cat out of the bag". "Not enough room to swing a cat" also derives from this.
Cathead: A beam extending out from the hull used to support an anchor when raised in order to secure or 'fish' it.
Cats paws: Light variable winds on calm waters producing scattered areas of small waves.
Centreboard: A board or plate lowered through the hull of a dinghy on the centreline to resist leeway.
Chafing: Wear on line or sail caused by constant rubbing against another surface.
Chafing gear: Material applied to a line or spar to prevent or reduce chafing. See Baggywrinkle.
Chains: Small platforms built into the sides of a ship to assist in depth sounding.
Chain-shot: Cannon balls linked with chain used to damage rigging and masts.
Chain locker: A space in the forward part of the ship, typically beneath the bow in front of the foremost collision bulkhead, that contains the anchor chain when the anchor is secured for sea.
Chain-wale or channel: A broad, thick plank that projects horizontally from each of a ship's sides abreast a mast, distinguished as the fore, main, or mizzen channel accordingly, serving to extend the base for the shrouds, which supports the mast.
Charley Noble: The metal stovepipe chimney from a cook shack on the deck of a ship or from a stove in a galley .
Charthouse: A room for storing charts (maps)
Chase gun, chase piece or chaser: A cannon pointing forward or aft, often of longer range than other guns. Those on the bow (bow chaser) were used to fire upon a ship ahead, while those on the rear (stern chaser) were used to ward off pursuing vessels. Unlike guns pointing to the side, chasers could be brought to bear in a chase without slowing.
Cheeks:
1. Wooden blocks at the side of a spar.
2. The sides of a block or gun-carriage.
Chine:
1. An angle in the hull.
2. A line formed where the sides of a boat meet the bottom. Soft chine is when the two sides join at a shallow angle, and hard chine is when they join at a steep angle.
Chock: Hole or ring attached to the hull to guide a line via that point
Chock-a-block: Rigging blocks that are so tight against one another that they cannot be further tightened.
Chronometer: A timekeeper accurate enough to be used to determine longitude by means of celestial navigation.
Cigarette boat: see 'Go-fast boat'.
Civil Red Ensign: The British Naval Ensign or Flag of the British Merchant Navy, a red flag with the Union Flag in the upper left corner. Colloquially called the "red duster".
Clean bill of health: A certificate issued by a port indicating that the ship carries no infectious diseases. Also called a pratique.
Clean slate: At the helm, the watch keeper would record details of speed, distances, headings, etc. on a slate. At the beginning of a new watch the slate would be wiped clean.
Cleat: A stationary device used to secure a rope aboard a vessel.
Clench: A method of fixing together two pieces of wood, usually overlapping planks, by driving a nail through both planks as well as a washer-like rove. The nail is then burred or riveted over to complete the fastening.
Clew: The lower corners of square sails or the corner of a triangular sail at the end of the boom.
Clew-lines: Used to truss up the clews, the lower corners of square sails.
Clinker built: A method of constructing hulls that involves overlapping planks, and/or plates, much like Viking longships, resulting in speed and flexibility in small boat hulls. Cf. "carvel built".
Close aboard: Near a ship.
Close-hauled: Of a vessel beating as close to the wind direction as possible.
Club hauling The ship drops one of its anchors at high speed to turn abruptly. This was sometimes used as a means to get a good firing angle on a pursuing vessel. See Kedge
Coal trimmer, or Trimmer: person responsible for ensuring that a coal-fired vessel remains in 'trim' (evenly balanced) as coal is consumed on a voyage.
Coaming: The raised edge of a hatch, cockpit or skylight to help keep out water.
Cockpit: The seating area (not to be confused with Deck). The area towards the stern of a small decked vessel that houses the rudder controls.
Companionway: A raised and windowed hatchway in the ship's deck, with a ladder leading below and the hooded entrance-hatch to the main cabins.
Communication tube, speaking tube or voice tube: An air-filled tube, usually armored, allowing speech between the conning tower with the below-decks control spaces in a warship.
Compass: Navigational instrument showing the direction of the vessel in relation to the Earth's geographical poles or magnetic poles. Commonly consists of a magnet aligned with the Earth's magnetic field, but other technologies have also been developed, such as the gyrocompass.
Constant bearing, decreasing range (CBDR)[3]: Because of the implication of disaster (ships might collide) it has come to mean a problem or an obstacle which is heading your way. Often used in the sense of a warning, as in "watch out for this problem you might not see coming."
Consort: Unpowered Great Lakes vessels, usually a fully loaded schooner, barge, or steamer barge, towed by a larger steamer that would often tow more than one barge. The consort system was used in the Great Lakes from the 1860s to around 1920.
Corinthian: An amateur yachter.[4][5]
Corrector: A device to correct the ship's compass, for example counteracting errors due to the magnetic effects of a steel hull.
Counter: The part of the stern above the waterline that extends beyond the rudder stock culminating in a small transom. A long counter increases the waterline length when the boat is heeled, so increasing hull speed.
Counterflood: To deliberately flood compartments on the opposite side from already flooded ones. Usually done to reduce a list.
Courses the lowest square sail on each mast— The mainsail, foresail, and the mizzen on a four masted ship (the after most mast usually sets a gaff driver or spanker instead of a square sail).
Coxswain or cockswain (/?k?ks?n/): The helmsman or crew member in command of a boat.
As the crow flies: A direct line between two points (which might cross land) which is the way crows travel rather than ships which must go around land.
Crance/Crans/Cranze iron: A fitting, mounted at the end of a bowsprit to which stays are attached.
Crazy Ivan: To turn 180 degrees or to turn around.
Cringle: A rope loop, usually at the corners of a sail, for fixing the sail to a spar. They are often reinforced with a metal eye.
Cro'jack or crossjack: a square yard used to spread the foot of a topsail where no course is set, e.g. on the foremast of a topsail schooner or above the driver on the mizzen mast of a ship rigged vessel.
Crosstrees: two horizontal struts at the upper ends of the topmasts of sailboats, used to anchor the shrouds from the topgallant mast.
Crow's nest: Specifically a masthead constructed with sides and sometimes a roof to shelter the lookouts from the weather, generally by whaling vessels, this term has become a generic term for what is properly called masthead. See masthead.
Crutches: Metal Y shaped pins to hold oars whilst rowing.
Cuddy: A small cabin in a boat.
Cunningham: A line invented by Briggs Cunningham, used to control the shape of a sail.
Cunt splice or cut splice: A join between two lines, similar to an eye-splice, where each rope end is joined to the other a short distance along, making an opening which closes under tension.
Cuntline: The "valley" between the strands of a rope or cable. Before serving a section of laid rope e.g. to protect it from chafing, it may be "wormed" by laying yarns in the cuntlines, giving that section an even cylindrical shape.
Cut and run: When wanting to make a quick escape, a ship might cut lashings to sails or cables for anchors, causing damage to the rigging, or losing an anchor, but shortening the time needed to make ready by bypassing the proper procedures.
Cut of his jib: The "cut" of a sail refers to its shape. Since this would vary between ships, it could be used both to identify a familiar vessel at a distance, and to judge the possible sailing qualities of an unknown one. Also used figuratively of people.

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Back and fill: To use the advantage of the tide being with you when the wind is not.
Backstays: Long lines or cables, reaching from the stern of the vessel to the mast heads, used to support the mast.
Baggywrinkle: A soft covering for cables (or any other obstructions) that prevents sail chafing from occurring.
Bailer: A device for removing water that has entered the boat.
Ballast Tank: A device used on ships and submarines and other submersibles to control buoyancy and stability
Balls to four watch: The 0000–0400 watch. (US Navy)
Bank: A large area of elevated sea floor.
Banyan: Traditional Royal Navy term for a day or shorter period of rest and relaxation.
Bar: Large mass of sand or earth, formed by the surge of the sea. They are mostly found at the entrances of great rivers or havens, and often render navigation extremely dangerous, but confer tranquility once inside. See also: Touch and go, grounding. Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem "Crossing the bar" is an allegory for death.
Bar pilot: A bar pilot guides ships over the dangerous sandbars at the mouth of rivers and bays.
Barrelman: A sailor that was stationed in the crow's nest.
Batten:
1. A stiff strip used to support the roach of a sail, enabling increased sail area
2. Any thin strip of material (wood, plastic etc) which can be used any number of ways
Batten down the hatches: To prepare for inclement weather by securing the closed hatch covers with wooden battens so as to prevent water from entering from any angle.
Beaching: Deliberately running a vessel aground to load and unload (as with landing craft), or sometimes to prevent a damaged vessel sinking.
Beacon: A lighted or unlighted fixed aid to navigation attached directly to the earth’s surface. (Lights and daybeacons both constitute beacons.)
Beam: The width of a vessel at the widest point, or a point alongside the ship at the mid-point of its length.
Beam ends: The sides of a ship. "On her beam ends" may mean the vessel is literally on her side and possibly about to capsize; more often, the phrase means the vessel is listing 45 degrees or more.
Bear: Large squared off stone used with sand for scraping clean wooden decks.
Bear down or bear away: Turn away from the wind, often with reference to a transit.
Bearing: The horizontal direction of a line of sight between two objects on the surface of the earth. See also "absolute bearing" and "relative bearing".
Beating or Beat to: Sailing as close as possible towards the wind (perhaps only about 60°) in a zig-zag course to attain an upwind direction to which it is impossible to sail directly.(also tacking)
Beat to quarters: Prepare for battle (beat = beat the drum to signal the need for battle preparation)
Beaufort scale: The scale describing wind force devised by Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort in 1808, in which winds are graded by the effect of their force (originally, the amount of sail that a fully rigged frigate could carry). Scale now reads up to Force 17.
Before the mast: Literally, the area of a ship before the foremast (the forecastle). Most often used to describe men whose living quarters are located here, officers being quartered in the stern-most areas of the ship (near the quarterdeck). Officer-trainees lived between the two ends of the ship and become known as "midshipmen". Crew members who started out as seamen, then became midshipmen, and later, officers, were said to have gone from "one end of the ship to the other" (also see hawsepiper).
Belay:
1. To make fast a line around a fitting, usually a cleat or belaying pin.
2. To secure a climbing person in a similar manner.
3. An order to halt a current activity or countermand an order prior to execution.
Belaying pins: Short movable bars of iron or hard wood to which running rigging may be secured, or belayed.
Bend: A knot used to join two ropes or lines. Also see hitch.
Bermudan rig: A triangular mainsail, without any upper spar, which is hoisted up the mast by a single halyard attached to the head of the sail. This configuration, introduced to Europe about 1920, allows the use of a tall mast, enabling sails to be set higher where wind speed is greater.
Berth (moorings): A location in a port or harbour used specifically for mooring vessels while not at sea.
Berth (navigation)[2]: Safety margin of distance to be kept by a vessel from another vessel or from an obstruction, hence the phrase, "to give a wide berth."
Berth (sleeping): A bed or sleeping accommodation on a boat or ship.
Best bower (anchor): The larger of two anchors carried in the bow; so named as it was the last, best hope.
Between the devil and the deep blue sea: See devil seam.
Between wind and water: The part of a ship's hull that is sometimes submerged and sometimes brought above water by the rolling of the vessel.
Bight (/?ba?t/) –
1. Bight, a loop in rope or line—a hitch or knot tied on the bight is one tied in the middle of a rope, without access to the ends.
2. An indentation in a coastline.
Bilge: The compartment at the bottom of the hull of a ship or boat where water collects and must be pumped out of the vessel.
Bilge keels: A pair of keels on either side of the hull, usually slanted outwards. In yachts, they allow the use of a drying mooring, the boat standing upright on the keels (and often a skeg) when the tide is out.
Bilged on her anchor: A ship that has run upon her own anchor, so the anchor cable runs under the hull.
Bimini top: Open-front canvas top for the cockpit of a boat, usually supported by a metal frame.
Bimmy: A punitive instrument
Binnacle: The stand on which the ship's compass is mounted.
Binnacle list: A ship's sick list. The list of men unable to report for duty was given to the officer or mate of the watch by the ship's surgeon. The list was kept at the binnacle.
Bitt or bitts: A post or pair mounted on the ship's bow, for fastening ropes or cables.
Bitter end: The last part or loose end of a rope or cable. The anchor cable is tied to the bitts; when the cable is fully paid out, the bitter end has been reached.
Block: A pulley or set of pulleys.
Blue Peter: A blue and white flag (the flag for the letter "P") hoisted at the foretrucks of ships about to sail. Formerly a white ship on a blue ground, but later a white square on a blue ground.
Boat: A small craft or vessel designed to float on, and provide transport over, or under, water.
Boat-hook: A pole with a hook on the end, used to reach into the water to catch buoys or other floating objects.
Boatswain or bosun (both /?bo?s?n/): A non-commissioned officer responsible for the sails, ropes, rigging and boats on a ship who issues "piped" commands to seamen.
Bobstay: A stay which holds the bowsprit downwards, counteracting the effect of the forestay. Usually made of wire or chain to eliminate stretch.
Bollard: From "bol" or "bole", the round trunk of a tree. A substantial vertical pillar to which lines may be made fast. Generally on the quayside rather than the ship.
Body plan: In shipbuilding, an end elevation showing the contour of the sides of a ship at certain points of her length.
Bombay runner: Large cockroach.
Bonded jacky: A type of tobacco or sweet cake.
Bonnet: A strip of canvas secured to the foot of the course (square sail) to increase sail area in light airs.
Booby: A type of bird that has little fear and therefore is particularly easy to catch.
Booby hatch: A sliding hatch or cover.
Boom: A spar attached to the foot of a fore-and-aft sail.
Boom gallows: A raised crossmember that supports a boom when the sail is lowered (obviates the need for a topping lift) .
Booms: Masts or yards, lying on board in reserve.
Boom vang or vang: A sail control that lets one apply downward tension on a boom, countering the upward tension provided by the sail. The boom vang adds an element of control to sail shape when the sheet is let out enough that it no longer pulls the boom down. Boom vang tension helps control leech twist, a primary component of sail power.
Boomkin: See bumpkin.
Bore : i.e.Bore up or Bore away. To assume a position to engage, or disengage, the enemy ship(s)
Bosun: See boatswain.
Bottlescrew: A device for adjusting tension in stays, shrouds and similar lines.
Bottomry: Pledging a ship as security in a financial transaction.
Bow: The front of a ship.
Bow chaser: See chase gun
Bowline: A type of knot, producing a strong loop of a fixed size, topologically similar to a sheet bend. Also a rope attached to the side of a sail to pull it towards the bow (for keeping the windward edge of the sail steady).
Bowse: To pull or hoist.
Bowsprit: A spar projecting from the bow used as an anchor for the forestay and other rigging.
Bow thruster: A small propeller or water-jet at the bow, used for manoeuvring larger vessels at slow speed. May be mounted externally, or in a tunnel running through the bow from side to side.
Boxing the compass: To state all 32 points of the compass, starting at north, proceeding clockwise. Sometimes applied to a wind that is constantly shifting.
Boy Seaman: a young sailor, still in training
Brail: To furl or truss a sail by pulling it in towards the mast, or the ropes used to do so.
Brake: The handle of the pump, by which it is worked.
Brass monkey or brass monkey weather: Used in the expression "it is cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey" (A brass monkey was a brass frame used to holdfast the bottom layer of a pyramid stack of cannon balls; when it was so cold the frame would shrink sufficiently to allow the cannon balls to collapse.)
Breakwater: A structure built on the forecastle of a ship intended to divert water away from the forward superstructure or gun mounts.
Bridge: A structure above the weather deck, extending the full width of the vessel, which houses a command centre, itself called by association, the bridge.
Brig:
1. (historically) A vessel with two square-rigged masts.
2. (in the US) An interior area of the ship used to detain prisoners (possibily prisoners-of-war, in war-time) & stowaways, and to punish delinquent crew members. Usually resembles a prison-cell with bars and a locked, hinged door.
Brightwork: Exposed varnished wood or polished metal on a boat.
Bring to: Cause a ship to be stationary by arranging the sails.
Broach: When a sailing vessel loses control of its motion and is forced into a sudden sharp turn, often heeling heavily and in smaller vessels sometimes leading to a capsize. The change in direction is called broaching-to. Occurs when too much sail is set for a strong gust of wind, or in circumstances where the sails are unstable.
Buffer: The chief bosun's mate (in the Royal Navy), responsible for discipline.
Bulkhead: An upright wall within the hull of a ship. Particularly a watertight, load-bearing wall.


Bulwark (or Bulward)
Bulwark or Bulward (/?b?l?k/ in nautical use): The extension of the ship's side above the level of the weather deck.
Bumboat: A private boat selling goods.
Bumpkin or boomkin:
1. A spar, similar to a bowsprit, but which projects from the stern. May be used to attach the backstay or mizzen sheets.
2. An iron bar (projecting out-board from a ship's side) to which the lower and topsail brace blocks are sometimes hooked.
Bunting tosser: A signalman who prepares and flies flag hoists. Also known in the American Navy as a skivvy waver.
Buntline: One of the lines tied to the bottom of a square sail and used to haul it up to the yard when furling.
Buoy: A floating object of defined shape and color, which is anchored at a given position and serves as an aid to navigation.
Buoyed up: Lifted by a buoy, especially a cable that has been lifted to prevent it from trailing on the bottom.
Burgee: A small flag, typically triangular, flown from the masthead of a yacht to indicate yacht-club membership.
By and large: By means into the wind, while large means with the wind. "By and large" is used to indicate all possible situations "the ship handles well both by and large".
By the board: Anything that has gone overboard.

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