engineering information technology : casing and cementing

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The E*C TRAK Torque and Drag Module

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The E*C TRAK Torque and Drag ModuleThis program, developed at the Drilling Research Center in Celle,Germany, is used to calculate torque and drag when a friction factor(coefficient of sliding friction) is known or estimated. It will calculate thefriction factor when either torque or hookload is known.Software...

Cement Additives

Cement AdditivesAcceleratorsAn accelerator is a chemical additive used to speed up the normal rate of reaction between cement and water which shortens the thickening time of the cement, increase the early strength of cement, and saves time on the drilling rig. Cement slurries used opposite shallow,...

Cementing Nomenclature

Cementing NomenclatureCasing CentralizersCentralizers assist in the removal of filter cake and displacement of drilling fluid by providing a more uniform flow path for the cement slurry. Close scrutiny of the mudlog and wireline logs will help in the placement of centralizers. Zones of increased permeability,...

Removal of the Drilling Fluid

Removal of the Drilling FluidFor cementing operations to be successful, all annular spaces must be filled with cement, and the cement properly bonded to the previous casing and formation. In order for this to occur, all the drilling fluid must be displaced by the cement slurry. This is not always an...

Cement Slurries

Cement SlurriesWater is added to dry cement to cause hydration and to make a pumpableslurry. To be used correctly, several properties must be known: the yield per unit (cubic feet per sack), the amount...

Cementing Introduction

CementingIntroductionOil well cementing is the process of mixing and displacing a slurry down the casing and up the annulus, behind the casing, where is allowed to “set”, thus bonding the casing to the formation. Some additional functions of cementing include:• Protecting producing formations• Providing...

Casing Couplings

Casing CouplingsCouplings are short pieces of casing used to connect the individual joints. They are normally made of the same grade of steel as the casing. Through their strength can be different than the casing. The API has specifications for four types of couplings.• Short round threads and couplings...

Casing properties

Casing properties are defined as:• Yield Strength: The tensile stress required to produce a total elongation of 0.5% per unit length• Collapse Strength: The maximum external pressure or force required to collapse the casing joint• Burst Strength: The maximum internal pressure required to cause a casing...

Casing Standards

Casing StandardsThe American Petroleum Institute (API) has developed certain standards and specifications for oil-field related casing and tubing. One of the more common standards is weight per unit length. There are three “weights” used:• Nominal Weight: Based on the theoretical calculated weight per...

Casing - liner

LinerA liner is a string of casing that does not reach the surface. They are usually “hung” (attached to the intermediate casing using an arrangement of packers and slips) from the base of the intermediate casing and reach to the bottom of the hole. The major advantage of a liner is the cost of the...

Casing - Production Casing

Production CasingProduction casing is usually the last full string of pipe set in a well. These strings are run to isolate producing formations and provide for selective production in multi-zone production areas. The size of production casing will depend on the expected production rate, the higher the...

Casing - Intermediate Casing

Intermediate CasingIntermediate casing is set after surface casing, normally to seal off a problem formation. The size of intermediate casing, will depend on the size of the surface casing and the grade required to withstand the subsurface conditions. Normal sizes are between 9 5/8 and 13 3/8 inch (outside...

Casing - Surface Casing

Surface CasingThe amount of surface casing used will depend on the depth of the unconsolidated formations. Surface casing is usually set in the first competent formation. Normal size for surface casing is between 20 inch and 13-3/8 inch (outside diameter). Since temperature, pressure and corrosive fluids...

Casing - Conductor Casing

Conductor CasingConductor pipe or drive pipe if it is hammer-driven to depth, is the first string of casing to be used. The setting depth can vary from 10 ft to around 300 ft. The normal size range for conductor pipe is from 16 to 36 inches (outside diameter). The conductor pipe must be large enough...

Casing

CasingCasing has several important functions during the drilling and completing of a well. It is used to prevent the borehole from caving in during the drilling of the well, to provide a means of controlling fluids encountered while drilling, to prevent contamination of fluids to be produced, and to...

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