Removal of the Drilling Fluid
For cementing operations to be successful, all annular spaces must be filled with cement, and the cement properly bonded to the previous casing and formation. In order for this to occur, all the drilling fluid must be displaced by the cement slurry. This is not always an easy matter, because there are several factors which affect the removal of the drilling fluid:
• washouts in the open hole, making it difficult to remove drilling fluid and filter cake
• crooked holes, making casing centralization difficult and drilling fluid not being removed from the low side
• poorly treated drilling fluids having high fluid losses Good drilling practices will not assure a good cement job, but they may help prevent a failure. The ideal drilling fluid for cementing operations should have:
• a low gel strength, with low PV and low YP
• a low density
• a low fluid loss
• a chemical make-up similar to the cement
Since these conditions are very seldom met, fluid washes and spacers are usually pumped ahead of the cement to remove as much drilling fluid as possible.
For cementing operations to be successful, all annular spaces must be filled with cement, and the cement properly bonded to the previous casing and formation. In order for this to occur, all the drilling fluid must be displaced by the cement slurry. This is not always an easy matter, because there are several factors which affect the removal of the drilling fluid:
• washouts in the open hole, making it difficult to remove drilling fluid and filter cake
• crooked holes, making casing centralization difficult and drilling fluid not being removed from the low side
• poorly treated drilling fluids having high fluid losses Good drilling practices will not assure a good cement job, but they may help prevent a failure. The ideal drilling fluid for cementing operations should have:
• a low gel strength, with low PV and low YP
• a low density
• a low fluid loss
• a chemical make-up similar to the cement
Since these conditions are very seldom met, fluid washes and spacers are usually pumped ahead of the cement to remove as much drilling fluid as possible.
