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Removal of the Drilling Fluid

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Removal of the Drilling FluidFor cementing operations to be successful, all annular spaces must be filled with cement, and the cement properly bonded to the previous casing and formation. In order for this to occur, all the drilling fluid must be displaced by the cement slurry. This is not always an...

Drilling Fluids- Pressure Loss in the Drillstring

Pressure Loss in the DrillstringOnce passed the surface equipment, the fluid will flow through the drillstring. In hydraulic calculations, these parts of the circulating system are considered circular pipes. In typical field operations, fluid velocities are in the order of 1000 ft/min (300 m/min). At...

Drilling fluid - Surface Pressure losses

Surface Pressure LossesSystem pressure loss calculations begin with the determination of the type/ class of surface circulating equipment. These include the standpipe, rotary hose, swivel, and kelly (if...

Drilling fluid - Hydraulic Calculations

Hydraulic CalculationsIn the “Advanced Logging Procedures Workbook” (P/N 80269H), an introduction to hydraulics illustrates the Bingham method for hydraulic optimization. The second, and more commonly...

Hydraulics - Deformation of a Fluid by Simple Shear - Power Law Model

Power Law ModelThis model is defined by the relationship:Shear Stress = Consistency Factor x Shear Rate flow behavior indexIt describes the thickness or pumpability of the fluid, and is somewhat analogous...

Hydraulics - Deformation of a Fluid by Simple Shear - Bingham Plastic Model

Bingham Plastic ModelThe Bingham model is defined by the relationship; Shear Stress = Yield Stress + (Plastic Viscosity x Shear Rate)The major difference between this and Newtonian fluids is the...

Hydraulics - Deformation of a Fluid by Simple Shear

Deformation of a Fluid by Simple ShearThe magnitude of shear between the layers is represented by the shear-rate, which is defined as the difference in the velocities between the layers, divided by the...

Hydraulics

HydraulicsThe concept that a fluid cannot maintain a rigid shape is a basic, but important characteristic, which means that fluids cannot sustain a shearstress (a tangential force applied to the surface)....

Drilling Fluid Report - Funnel Viscosity

Funnel Viscosity sec/qtThe Marsh Funnel is the field instrument used to measure viscosity....

Drilling Fluid Report - Solids Content , Water Content , Oil Content

Solids Content % volWater Content % volOil Content ...

Drilling Fluid Report - Sand Content

Sand Content % volThis is measured by use of a 200 mesh sand screen set. A measuring...

Drilling Fluid Report - Calcium

Calcium ppmIf water contains a lot of calcium or magnesium salts, it is referred to as “hard water”. The harder the water, the more difficult it is to get bentonite...

Drilling Fluid Report - Salt/Chlorides

Salt/Chlorides ppm or gpgThe salt or chlorides concentration of the mud is monitored as an indicator of contamination. The salt contamination may come...

Drilling Fluid Report - Alkalinity, Mud : Alkalinity, Filtrate

Alkalinity, Mud PmAlkalinity, Filtrate Pf/MfAlkalinity or acidity of a mud is indicated by the pH. The pH scale is...

Drilling Fluid Report - Filtrate/Water Loss , Filter Cake Thickness

Filtrate/Water Loss ml/30 minFilter Cake Thickness 1/32 inchThese two properties shall...

Drilling Fluid Report - pH

pHDrilling muds are always treated to be alkaline (i.e., a pH > 7). The pH will affect viscosity, bentonite is least affected if the pH is in the range of 7 to 9.5. Above this, the viscosity will increase and may give viscosities that are out of proportion for good drilling properties. For minimizing...

Drilling Fluid Report - Gel Strength

Gel Strength lbs/100 ft2 (10 sec/10min)This is a measurement that denotes the thixotropic properties of the mud and is a measurement of the attractive forces...

Drilling Fluid Report - Yield Point

Yield Point lbs/100 sqftThis parameter is also obtained from the viscometer. The yield point (YP), as mentioned earlier, is a measure of the electro-chemical attractive forces within the mud...

Drilling Fluid Report - Plastic Viscosity

Plastic Viscosity centipoise (cps)The plastic viscosity (PV) is calculated by measuring the shear rate and stress of the fluid. These values are derived by using a Fann viscometer, which is a rotating-sleeve viscometer,...

Drilling Fluid Report - Density

One of the most important reports at the wellsite is the daily drilling fluid report, or “mud report”. In addition to containing basic well and rig information, chemical inventory and mud system costs, the mud report will contain a list of the fluid properties of the mud system. To maintain the required...

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