Showing posts with label Natalia Shakhova. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Natalia Shakhova. Show all posts

The Mechanism

online engineering degree/engineering degree online/online engineering courses/engineering technology online/engineering courses online/engineering technician degree online/online engineering technology/electronic engineering online

What is the mechanism behind accelerated warming of the Arctic Ocean, huge abrupt methane eruptions from the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean and skyrocketing temperatures?




1. Potential for Methane Release in Arctic

Vast amounts of methane are stored in hydrates under the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean. Furthermore, vast amounts of methane in the form of free gas are contained in sediments under the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean. Thirdly, vast amounts of carbon are frozen in the permafrost and much may enter the atmosphere in the form of methane as the permafrost continues to thaw.

Natalia Shakhova et al. in 2010 estimated the accumulated potential for the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) region alone (image on the right) as follows:
- organic carbon in permafrost of about 500 Gt
- about 1000 Gt in hydrate deposits
- about 700 Gt in free gas beneath the gas hydrate stability zone.

In early 2014, Sam Carana estimated annual methane emissions from hydrates and permafrost at 100 Tg (i.e. 0.1 Gt). This methane will contribute to further warming of the air over the Arctic and the North Atlantic, causing further extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and storms along the path of the Gulf Stream from the North Atlantic into the Arctic Ocean, in turn triggering further releases from hydrates at the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean and threatening to escalate into runaway global warming.


Such methane eruptions are caused by warming water of the Arctic Ocean, which in turn is due to emissions by people. Some elements of the mechanism causing methane to erupt from the seafloor are described in more detail below.

2. Ocean Heat
From: Ocean Temperature Rise continues
Above graph, based on NOAA data, shows a polynomial trendline pointing at an October Northern Hemisphere sea surface temperature anomaly rise of more than 5°C (9°F) by 2050, compared to the 20th century average, from an earlier post.

Waters at greater depth are also warming rapidly, as illustrated by the image on the right, from an earlier post, showing a rise in ocean heat up to 2000 m deep that has more than doubled over the past decade. Data from 2005 through to 2014 contain a polynomial trendline that points at a similar rise by 2017, followed by an even steeper rise.

The North Atlantic is warming rapidly, with sea surface temperature anomalies as high as a 12°C (21.6°F) recorded east of North America earlier this year, as illustrated by the image below.

A warmer North Atlantic is a major contributor to the rapidly warming waters of the Arctic Ocean, since the Gulf Stream keeps carrying warmer water into the Arctic Ocean all year long.

A further contributor is a warmer North Pacific.

Further contributions come from the combined impact of numerous feedbacks, in particular changing winds and currents, cryosphere changes and methane releases, as further described below.

From: Watch where the wind blows

3. Feedbacks: Changing Winds and Currents, Cryosphere Changes and Methane

- Changed Winds and Currents

Emissions by people are not only causing temperatures of the atmosphere and oceans to rise, they are also causing winds and ocean currents to change. Such changes can in turn result in heatwaves that are more intense and that persist for prolonged periods. Furthermore, strong northbound winds, combined with strong precipitation and waves can speed up the volume of warm water carried by Gulf Stream into the Arctic Ocean, as discussed in an earlier post. 

- Arctic Sea Ice

A warming atmosphere, warming oceans and decline of the Arctic snow and ice cover all go hand in hand. The IPCC concluded in AR5 that, for RCP8.5, the Arctic Ocean will likely be nearly ice-free in September before mid-century. Prof. Peter Wadhams warned, back in 2012, that the Arctic Ocean could be virtually ice-free within a few years. An exponential trendline based on sea ice volume observations shows that sea ice looks set to disappear in 2019, while disappearance in 2015 is within the margins of a 5% confidence interval, reflecting natural variability, as discussed at the FAQ page.


- Permafrost

Permafrost decline will cause Arctic temperatures to rise, due to albedo change and due to carbon that is contained in the permafrost and that can be expected to be released in the form of methane or carbon dioxide as the permafrost thaws. The image below pictures permafrost decline as foreseen by the IPCC in AR5. 


Obviously, rapid decline of the sea ice will come with albedo changes that will also make the permafrost decline more strongly than the IPCC foresees, while they will also cause even more extreme weather events. One of the dangers is that huge amounts of warmer water will flow from rivers into the Arctic Ocean, as discussed below.

- Warmer Water From Rivers

More sunlight getting absorbed in the Arctic will accelerate warming of the Arctic Ocean directly, while there will also be warmer water flowing into the Arctic Ocean from rivers in Siberia and North America, fueled by stronger and longer heatwaves, storms and wildfires. 

map from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rs-map.png
Above map shows that a number of large rivers in Siberia end up in the Arctic Ocean. Another large river is the Mackenzie River, which ends in the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska, where sea surface temperatures of about 20°C (68°F) were recorded in 2013, as the image below illustrates.


Another area of concern, also marked with a purple oval in the image below, is located in the north of Canada.


More extreme weather events include heat waves, storms, floods and wildfires, all of which can contribute to more rapid warming of the Arctic Ocean.

The combined effect of all the above will be that methane that is now contained in the form of free gas and hydrates in sediments under the Arctic Ocean, can be expected to be increasingly released as the Arctic Ocean warms further.

- Methane 

Of the vast amounts of methane stored in the Arctic, much of it is prone to be released with further temperature rises, as discussed in this earlier post and in this earlier post. Cracks in sediments used to be filled with ice. Warmer water is now melting the ice that used to sit in cracks. This ice has until now acted as a glue, holding the sediment together. Moreover, the ice in the cracks has until now acted as a barrier, a seal, that prevented the methane contained in those sediments from escaping. In a video interview with Nick Breeze, Natalia Shakhova mentions a sample of sediment taken from the ESAS seafloor in 2011 that turned out to be ice-free to a depth of 53 m at water temperatures varying from -0.6˚C to -1.3˚C. Back in 2008, Natalia Shakhova et al. considered release of up to 50 Gt of predicted amount of hydrate storage as highly possible for abrupt release at any time.

The image below, based on data from the IPCC and the World Metereological Organization (WMO), with an added observation from a NOAA MetOp satellite image, illustrates the recent rise of methane levels and the threat that methane levels will continue to rise rapidly.


When looked at from a longer range of years, above image fits in the black square on the image below.


The image below shows exponential rise based on data of East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) releases alone, as discussed in an earlier post.


Non-linear rise is supported by the fact that methane's lifetime increases as more methane enters the atmosphere. As the image below shows, peak methane levels have been very high recently.



All these feedbacks can interact and amplify each other in non-linear ways, resulting in rapid and intense temperature rises, as illustrated by the image below.

Diagram of Doom - for more background, see Feedbacks

4. Runaway Global Warming

The threat is that such rapid temperature rises will appear at first in hotspots over the Arctic and eventually around the globe, while also resulting in huge temperature swings that could result in depletion of supply of food and fresh water, as further illustrated by the above image, from an earlier post, and the image below, from another earlier post.

Rapidly rising temperatures will cause stronger evaporation of sea water. Since water vapor is one of the strongest greenhouse gases, this can further contribute to the non-linear temperature rises pictured above.

In conclusion, the situation is dire and calls for comprehensive and effective action, as discussed at the Climate Plan blog.



Post by Sam Carana.

Edge of Extinction

online engineering degree/engineering degree online/online engineering courses/engineering technology online/engineering courses online/engineering technician degree online/online engineering technology/electronic engineering online
Guy McPherson
Guy McPherson is convinced that humunity will go extinct soon. Guy estimates that it will happen in 5 to 20 years time.

In the video below, Guy discusses a chain of events causing several degrees warming within a few years time, including failure of the electric grid and subsequent fall in aerosols from fossil fuel burning that now mask warming, and failure to maintain nuclear power plants cooling, causing them to melt down.

These events will cause rapid warming that will accelerate loss of the snow and sea ice in the Arctic and cause massive methane releases from the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean, both adding even further warming.

Such massive warming will result in widespread crop failure and loss of habitat for humans over a timespan of up to 20 years, while events could all unfold in just 5 years time.

In the video below, Guy discusses that we are on the edge of extinction, episode 1.



Feedbacks
 
Professor Peter Wadhams on albedo changes in the Arctic

Conclusion from a paper presented at the 2008 EGU conference, on background
of a frame from a video interview by Nick Breeze with Natalia Shakhova.



In the video below, episode 2, Guy describes how large releases of methane from the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean alone could end civilization, as they will cause crop failure on the Northern Hemisphere and subsequent collapse of civilization. This will in turn cause failure of the electric grid, etc., as described above. So, whatever event comes first, it will trigger the other events, resulting in several degrees Celsius warming within years and loss of habitat for humans.



The image below highlights some of the complexities associated with the necessary cuts in emissions, including the impact of aerosols that mask the full wrath of global warming by half. In 2007, the IPCC described aerosols as a negative (cooling) force equal to between -0.5 and -2.5 W m-2. In 2009, Murphy et al suggested an aerosol forcing about -1.5 W m-2, reducing the net climate forcing of the past century by about half. In 2011, Hansen et al, based mainly on analysis of Earth's energy imbalance, derived an aerosol forcing -1.6 ± 0.3 W m-2. [source] As David Spratt points out, this equates to a cooling of about 1.2°C. In other words, abrupt ending of aerosols emissions would result in a temperature rise of about 1.2°C in a matter of weeks.


In the video below, Guy McPherson further discusses the impact of aerosols.



Below, 'Edge of Extinction', episode 3, published on 15 January, 2015, featuring Guy McPherson in a fine moment of comedy! Excerpt from his presentation at Butte College, November 20, 2014, Chico, California.



Below, 'Edge of Extinction', episode 4, published on 21 January, 2015, in which Guy comments on the State of the Union address of January 20, 2015.



Below, 'Edge of Extinction', episode 5, published on 27 Jan 2015, featuring an excerpt from Guy McPherson's interview on Global Research December 12, 2014 on the stages of grief. 





Follow Guy McPherson's European Trip March/April 2015. 



Ocean Temperature Rise Continues

online engineering degree/engineering degree online/online engineering courses/engineering technology online/engineering courses online/engineering technician degree online/online engineering technology/electronic engineering online

Ocean Temperature Rise

Of all the excess heat that results from people's emissions, 93.4% goes into oceans. Accordingly, the temperature of oceans has risen substantially.

NOAA analysis shows that the most recent 12-month period, November 2013–October 2014, broke the record (set just last month) for the all-time warmest 12-month period in the 135-year period of record. The global oceans were the warmest on record for October. For January–October, the average global sea surface temperature was also record high.


The danger is that ocean temperatures will continue to rise, especially in the North Atlantic, and that the Gulf Stream will keep carrying ever warmer water from the North Atlantic into the Arctic Ocean, threatening to unleash huge methane eruptions from the Arctic Ocean's seafloor, in turn causing even higher temperatures and more extreme weather events, wildfires, etc.


High Methane Levels

High methane levels were recorded over the Arctic Ocean in October, as discussed in this earlier post, and were sustained in November, as discussed in this post. Methane levels as high as 2717 ppb were recorded on November 16, 2014, p.m, by the MetOp-1 satellite at 469 mb (i.e. 19,820 ft or 6,041 m altitude), as the image below shows.

Methane levels as high as 2549 ppb were recorded on November 19, 2014, p.m, by the MetOp-2 satellite at 586 mb (i.e. 14,385 ft or 4,384 m altitude), as the image below shows.

Above image further confirms earlier indications that these high methane levels do indeed result from large methane eruptions from the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean.

Greenhouse gas levels in general are very high over the Arctic, as earlier discussed in a recent post and as illustrated by the image below, showing carbon dioxide levels as high as 420 ppm at high latitudes, while the global mean was 403 ppm, on November 19, 2014, p.m., at 945 mb (i.e. 1,916 ft or 584 m altitude).


As said, sustained instances of large abrupt methane eruptions from the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean threaten to strongly accelerate warming in the Arctic even further, in turn resulting in ever more methane being released, as illustrated in the image below, from an earlier post.


Self-reinforcing Feedback Loops

Such methane eruptions are part of a number of self-reinforcing feedback loops that can strongly accelerate warming in the Arctic. Above image, from an earlier post, illustrates two such feedbacks, i.e. albedo changes due to snow and ice demise, and methane releases. Further feedbacks are described in this post and this post, and in the image below.

For a discussion of these and further feedbacks, see this page at the Climate Plan blog 
The threat is that such rapid temperature rises will appear at first in hotspots over the Arctic and eventually around the globe, while also resulting in huge temperature swings that could result in depletion of supply of food and fresh water, as further illustrated by the above image, from an earlier post, and the image below, from another earlier post.
[ click on image at original post to enlarge ]


IPCC warnings not strong enough



In above paragraph, the IPCC warns about the risk of methane eruptions from the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean further accelerating global warming. While the IPCC does model for a temperature rise that could exceed 12 degrees Celsius in a 'business as usual' scenario (i.e. without action taken), the IPCC does not anticipate that such a rise could occur before the year 2250, as illustrated by the image below.


The situation could be much worse than foreseen by the IPCC, due to a number of reasons, including:
  1. The non-linear way feedbacks can hugely increase temperature rises.
  2.  The IPCC's underestimation of the amount of methane contained in sediments under the Arctic Ocean and prone to be released as temperatures rise. Shakhova et al. estimate the accumulated methane potential for the Eastern Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) alone as follows:
    - organic carbon in permafrost of about 500 Gt;
    - about 1000 Gt in hydrate deposits; and
    - about 700 Gt in free gas beneath the gas hydrate stability zone.
    Back in 2008, Shakhova et al. considered release of up to 50 Gt of predicted amount of hydrate storage as highly possible for abrupt release at any time.
    Furthermore, mantel methane could add to our predicament, as discussed in an earlier post.
  3. Back in 2002, Malcolm Light already warned that seismic events could trigger destabilization of methane hydrates. Furthermore, huge temperature swings can combine with pressure swings and storms, and with swings between expansion and contraction of soil and ice, resulting in severe shocks to ecosystems, as described in an earlier post. 
  4. The IPCC's ignoring of large methane eruptions from the seafloor of the Arctic Oceans and the resulting growth of mean global methane levels at higher altitudes, as discussed in an earlier post.
Steven Sherwood et al. wrote back in 2010 that peak heat stress, quantified by wet bulb temperature, across diverse climates today never exceeds 31 degrees Celsius (see also this update). Some may believe that this doesn't apply to the Arctic and the higher altitudes in mountain regions. However, at the June Solstice the amount of solar radiation received in the Arctic is higher than anywhere else on Earth, An increased occurence and intensity of heatwaves could expose large areas of the Arctic and mountain regions to sustained heatwaves exceeding peak heat stress temperatures. In addition, ocean acidification and oxygen depletion in the Arctic Ocean would make it hard for fish, seals, polar bears and further wildlife to survive. Furthermore, the short growth season combined with a long, cold winter limits vegetation in the Arctic, while ecosystems are also becoming increasingly exposed to wild weather swings and wildfires.


Risk Assessment

When taking above points into acount, an absence of action seems to guarantee human extinction by the year 2050. Little action will be ‘too little, too late’ and will merely delay human extinction by a few years, as illustrated by the graph below.


The graph identifies the years 2030 and 2040 as critical. Beyond the year 2030, the risk that humans will go extrinct grows larger than 1% in the absence of action. By the year 2040, the risk of human extinction will have increased substantially, especially if no action will have been taken, but also if too little action will have been taken up to 2040, while even with the best possible programs put in place by the year 2015, there will be a 2% risk of human extinction by 2040, e.g. due to war over what action to take, or due to political opposition or errors making such programs ineffective or even counter-productive.

In conclusion, it is highly likely that the risk of human extinction already now is intolerably high and rising with every moment passing with little no action taken to reduce the risk. This calls for comprehensive and effective action, as further discussed at the Climate Plan blog.


References

- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) WGI Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), Final Draft (7 June 2013), page 168.
http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/uploads/WGIAR5_WGI-12Doc2b_FinalDraft_Chapter02.pdf

- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) WGI Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), Final Draft (7 June 2013), Figure 12.5.
http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/uploads/WGIAR5_WGI-12Doc2b_FinalDraft_Chapter12.pdf

- An adaptability limit to climate change due to heat stress - by Steven C. Sherwood & Matthew Huber
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/04/26/0913352107.full.pdf

- Ocean Temperature Rise - by Sam Carana
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/ocean-temperature-rise.html

- Methane release from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf and the Potential for Abrupt Climate Change - by Natalia Shakhova & Igor Semiletov
http://symposium2010.serdp-estcp.org/content/download/8914/107496/version/3/file/1A_Shakhova_Final.pdf

- Anomalies of methane in the atmosphere over the East Siberian shelf: Is there any sign of methane leakage from shallow shelf hydrates? - by Shakhova, Semiletov, Salyuk & Kosmach  http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/01526/EGU2008-A-01526.pdf

- Mantle Methane - by Malcolm Light
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/mantle-methane.html

- Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid-latitudes - by Jennifer A. Francis and S.J. Vavrus, in: Geophysical Research Letters 39 (6):. doi:10.1029/2012GL051000
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012GL051000/abstract

- Near-Term Human Extinction - by Sam Carana
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/near-term-human-extinction.html

- Warm waters threaten to trigger huge methane eruptions from Arctic Ocean seafloor - by Sam Carana
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/warm-waters-threaten-to-trigger-huge-methane-releases-from-arctic-ocean-seafloor.html

- How many deaths could result from failure to act on climate change? - by sam Carana
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2014/05/how-many-deaths-could-result-from-failure-to-act-on-climate-change.html

- Methane linked to Seismic Activity in the Arctic - by Malcolm P. Light & Sam Carana
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/seismic-activity.html

- Wild Weather Swings - by Sam Carana
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/wild-weather-swings.html

- Four Hiroshima bombs a second: how we imagine climate change - by Sam Carana
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/four-hiroshima-bombs-second-how-we-imagine-climate-change.html

- Polar jet stream appears hugely deformed
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/polar-jet-stream-appears-hugely-deformed.html

- Near-Term Human Extinction
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/near-term-human-extinction.html


Post by Sam Carana.

Royal Society snubs important Arctic scientists and their research

online engineering degree/engineering degree online/online engineering courses/engineering technology online/engineering courses online/engineering technician degree online/online engineering technology/electronic engineering online
by Dorsi Diaz

Nick Breeze interview with East Siberian Arctic Shelf researcher (ESAS) Dr. Natalia Shakhova on why the important news about methane news is not reaching mainstream news. Powerful interests seem to be in the way of Arctic methane education.

A few days ago an important Royal Society meeting took place that presented important research on the current state of the Arctic. Called ‘Arctic sea ice reduction: the evidence, models, and global impacts’, the event was held in London, England. It was advertised as a “Scientific discussion meeting organised by Dr Daniel Feltham, Dr Sheldon Bacon, Dr Mark Brandon and Professor (Emeritus) Julian Hunt FRS.”

Powerful interests seem to be standing in the way of
important research on methane and a dwindling Arctic.
Nick Breeze, Dorsi Diaz
The presenters and attendees there included a list of over 200 important climate scientists from different parts of the world. One could assume from the list of workshops that this conference was being held to talk about and discuss the critical loss of ice we are seeing in the Arctic, and that the purpose of the meeting would be to include any and all data relevant to this never-before-seen-in-human-history event.

People following the rapid loss of Arctic ice and all that data could even be forgiven for feelings of excitement and hope that at least someone is ‘working on it’. We could have assumed that communication was one of the goals here, especially since the conference was tweeted widely, even from inside the conference. Following those tweets we could also have assumed that it was intended that people in the conference were to share information that was important not only about climate change but the loss of the Arctic sea ice.

Such a conference sounds like a great idea, doesn't it? We could have a cause for hope and the organizers seemed transparent, even going so far as to tweet plans. But such assumptions and presumptions would have been misplaced. Instead, what happened has turned into what has been called a Royal Society snubbing of scientists: a brouhaha has developed both in scientific circles and the world wide web, and has now raised serious questions. The main issue was that cutting edge scientists Dr Shakhova and Dr Semiletov were not even invited to present or discuss their very recent findings on important Arctic sea ice and methane releases.

Who are they and what did they have to offer to this conference? Perhaps it was an ‘accident’ that they were not invited? Maybe they were just not on the guest list? Or, if they were deliberately not invited, what could be the reason?

As it turns out Dr Shakhova & Dr Semiletov had just returned from a crucial expedition to the Arctic. The Swerus C3 expedition was conveyed aboard the icebreaker Oden. The goal was to gather data about the Arctic, in particular concerning methane hydrates and systems interaction.

Arctic Expedition

Martin Jakobsson, Professor at Stockholm University and chief scientist on Leg 2, says: “SWERUS-C3 is a two-leg Swedish-Russian-US cooperation that will investigate the linkages between climate, the cryosphere, and carbon. Leg one of the expedition departed from Tromsø, Norway, on 5 July and travelled along the Russian Arctic coast to reach Barrow, Alaska, where a change-over of research staff and crew took place on 20 August. On 21 August SWERUS-C3 set off for its return journey back to Tromsø, this time over the Lomonosov Ridge, an underwater mountain range.”

Jakobsson continues: “During the expedition's second leg we studied the warm Atlantic water that flows into the Arctic Ocean and pockmarks at 900-meter depths as well as the enormous tracks on the ocean floor left by previous ice sheets found in the central Arctic Ocean. The material will be able to provide new perspectives on Arctic sea ice development and history as well as stability of gas hydrates along the Arctic continental shelf.”

Findings in the Arctic have not been particularly reassuring; in fact they portend a dire scenario. A press release from University of Stockholm described that they discovered: “Vast methane plumes escaping from the seafloor of the Laptev continental slope. These early glimpses of what may be in store for a warming Arctic Ocean could help scientists project the future releases of the strong greenhouse gas methane from the Arctic Ocean.”

This could all be read as some mere diplomatic or career-based tussle among scientists, or some type of television drama happening at an obscure conference of less-than household names, so why would the average reader be interested in what this has to do with life on earth?

It does have everything to do with every being that inhabits this planet. To put it into context: Arctic events are turning into a planetary emergency and are developing as you read. Key is the full meltdown of Arctic sea ice, akin to our planetary air conditioner going kaput. Please see the startling Arctic Death Spiral photo here to check just how little Arctic ice is left: Arctic Death Spiral 1979-2013 ( Sea Ice Decline / Deglaciation)

Key words: Planetary emergency

A recent article in USA Today entitled Study: Earth in the midst of sixth mass extinction states: “The loss and decline of animals around the world — caused by habitat loss and global climate disruption — mean we're in the midst of a ‘sixth mass extinction’ of life on Earth, according to several studies out Thursday in the journal Science. One study found that although the human population has doubled in the past 35 years, the number of invertebrate animals – such as beetles, butterflies, spiders and worms – has decreased by 45% during that same period.” Simple Google searches on this topic allow one to uncover a recent addition of many such articles on the same topic.

To be clear, I have the utmost respect for the scientific community and what they have contributed to the advancement of science. I have interviewed some, and helped give voice to the work of scientists, professors, teachers. and experts: I believe in open communication. I believe that when there is a huge problem as in this case of our planetary emergency or ‘6th mass extinction event’, we need all hands on deck, especially the ones out there on the front lines. Dr Shakhova & Dr Semiletov are two of these.

According to computer modelling, our ‘Arctic air conditioner’ was supposed to stay intact and run effectively for many years. Previously the year 2100 was said to have been the year we would really see all ‘he##’ break loose. Now we realize that those models were way off. In fact, our ‘air-conditioner’ is self-destructing more every minute, causing a meandering jet stream which is already reeking climate havoc around the world: typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes, and other such catastrophic climate events are more commonplace. Indeed, climate change has already become downright nasty. What we were told would not happen until much later is actually taking place right now.

Scientists and governments realize we have a great big problem and have started doing lots and lots of research into our ‘Arctic air conditioner’. Experts were sent to view the problem, Dr Shakhova & Dr Semiletov on board, and told to report back their findings.

The Problem

The air conditioning experts that were sent to check on the problem were not invited to address the Royal Society event to report back, nor to even discuss the air conditioner break down. To be fair, some of them were called upon, including Professor Peter Wadhams (although other significant issues arose to do with Prof Wadhams too). However, the only reporting scientists who were called upon to report on the problem were those same who have been using those same types of conservative computer modeling methods that have traditionally proved to be seriously behind the time actual timeline followed by the Arctic ice.

Clearly it is has been safe to say for years now that those computer modeling methods are more conservative than accurate, and are now in fact far and away off the mark of accuracy. Even a non-scientist can clearly see there is a deeply serious divide between the predictions of conservative models and the dramatic melting events of current days.

The Royal Society plans a ‘communicative’ conference on Arctic sea-ice and leaves out experts recently returned from a life-threatening expedition specifically to review the problem. Meanwhile, others in comfortable office chairs merely crunch data for help guessing at possible problem scenarios. To whom would you listen? Would you trust just one expert or would you call on as many experts as possible to pool resources? Do you feel safe just listening to one side of the story without real-world observations, data, and discussion being included?

created by Zaven Ohannessian with screenshot from interview with Dr. Natalia Shakhova, by Nick Breeze

Imagine for a minute that you are Shakhova and her colleagues. You have been sent to view and report back on the broken air conditioner. You have observed rapid and almost unbelievable changes taking place on your expeditions. It is falling apart and leaking methane. You know that methane is many times more potent and powerful than carbon dioxide and can cause way more damage to the earth if lots of it are coming out. In fact, you have not seen such massive changes before on numerous previous expeditions. You are deeply concerned and really need to let others involved with the ‘Arctic air conditioner’ know what you have seen.

But, when a chance to talk about your data and observations comes up, you are not invited. The very important meeting goes on without you and nothing that you have seen, documented, and observed will become public knowledge. You are stunned by this snub. You want to be able to tell them and therefore the world what is going on. You want to get this information out so that they will let others know what is happening to our ‘Arctic air conditioner’ and the symptoms that its melt are causing.

I can only imagine how that must have felt, sitting on this newest and very important data and not being able to share. Politely though, Dr Shakhova writes a letter about her exclusion, and asks to be able to present her data and observations. She sends a letter to Sir Paul Nurse at the Royal Academy (via climate communication journalist Nick Breeze):

October 4th, 2014
By mail and email

Dear Sir Paul Nurse,

We are pleased that the Royal Society recognizes the value of Arctic science and hosted an important scientific meeting last week, organised by Dr D. Feltham, Dr S. Bacon, Dr M. Brandon, and Professor Emeritus J. Hunt (https://royalsociety.org/events/2014/arctic-sea-ice/).

Our colleagues and we have been studying the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) for more than 20 years and have detailed observational knowledge of changes occurring in this region, as documented by publications in leading journals such as Science, Nature, and Nature Geosciences. During these years, we performed more than 20 all-seasonal expeditions that allowed us to accumulate a large and comprehensive data set consisting of hydrological, biogeochemical, and geophysical data and providing a quality of coverage that is hard to achieve, even in more accessible areas of the World Ocean.

To date, we are the only scientists to have long-term observational data on methane in the ESAS. Despite peculiarities in regulation that limit access of foreign scientists to the Russian Exclusive Economic Zone, where the ESAS is located, over the years we have welcomed scientists from Sweden, the USA, The Netherlands, the UK, and other countries to work alongside us. A large international expedition performed in 2008 (ISSS-2008) was recognized as the best biogeochemical study of the IPY (2007-2008). The knowledge and experience we accumulated throughout these years of work laid the basis for an extensive Russian-Swedish expedition onboard I/B ODEN (SWERUS-3) that allowed more than 80 scientists from all over the world to collect more data from this unique area. The expedition was successfully concluded just a few days ago.

To our dismay, we were not invited to present our data at the Royal Society meeting. Furthermore, this week we discovered, via a twitter Storify summary (circulated by Dr. Brandon), that Dr. G. Schmidt was instead invited to discuss the methane issue and explicitly attacked our work using the model of another scholar, whose modelling effort is based on theoretical, untested assumptions having nothing to do with observations in the ESAS. While Dr. Schmidt has expertise in climate modelling, he is an expert neither on methane, nor on this region of the Arctic. Both scientists therefore have no observational knowledge on methane and associated processes in this area. Let us recall that your motto “Nullus in verba” was chosen by the founders of the Royal Society to express their resistance to the domination of authority; the principle so expressed requires all claims to be supported by facts that have been established by experiment. In our opinion, not only the words but also the actions of the organizers deliberately betrayed the principles of the Royal Society as expressed by the words “Nullus in verba.”

In addition, we would like to highlight the Anglo-American bias in the speaker list. It is worrisome that Russian scientific knowledge was missing, and therefore marginalized, despite a long history of outstanding Russian contributions to Arctic science. Being Russian scientists, we believe that prejudice against Russian science is currently growing due to political disagreements with the actions of the Russian government. This restricts our access to international scientific journals, which have become exceptionally demanding when it comes to publication of our work compared to the work of others on similar topics. We realize that the results of our work may interfere with the crucial interests of some powerful agencies and institutions; however, we believe that it was not the intent of the Royal Society to allow political considerations to override scientific integrity.

We understand that there can be scientific debate on this crucial topic as it relates to climate. However, it is biased to present only one side of the debate, the side based on theoretical assumptions and modelling. In our opinion, it was unfair to prevent us from presenting our more-than-decadal data, given that more than 200 scientists were invited to participate in debates. Furthermore, we are concerned that the Royal Society proceedings from this scientific meeting will be unbalanced to an unacceptable degree (which is what has happened on social media).

Consequently, we formally request the equal opportunity to present our data before you and other participants of this Royal Society meeting on the Arctic and that you as organizers refrain from producing any official proceedings before we are allowed to speak.

Sincerely,
On behalf of more than 30 scientists,
Natalia Shakhova and Igor Semiletov

Voicing concerns

Among concerned people following this closely is part-time Professor Paul Beckwith, PhD student of abrupt climate change. Beckwith offers his concerns on this latest turn of events at the Royal Society in his newest video: A little chat on methane

Beckwith’s latest statement about his overall assessment of the Arctic situation and where we stand is not particularly comforting either: “Our climate system is presently undergoing preliminary stages of abrupt climate change. If allowed to continue, the planetary climate system is quite capable of undergoing an average global temperature increase of 5°C to 6°C over a decade or two. Precedence for changes at such a large rate can be found at numerous times in the paleo-records. From my chair, I conclude that it is vital that we slash greenhouse gas emissions and undergo a crash program of climate engineering to cool the Arctic region and keep the methane in place in the permafrost and ocean sediments.”

Beckwith points at research in the U.S., such as a study published in 2012 by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory researchers who sum up the situation as follows: “The question is not whether but how much and how quickly methane will be released due to warming, and whether it will be enough to trigger a runaway feedback loop.” The study, earlier discussed at the Arctic-news blog, concludes: “In our review of Arctic methane sources, we found that significant gaps in understanding remain of the mechanisms, magnitude, and likelihood of Arctic methane release. No authors stated that catastrophic release of methane—e.g., hundreds of Gt over years to decades—is the expected near-term outcome. But until the mechanisms are better-understood, such a catastrophe cannot be ruled out. The evidence is strong that methane had a role in past warming events, but the particular source and release mechanisms of methane in past warming is not settled. Whereas most authors indicated that a catastrophic release is unlikely, a chronic, climatically significant release of Arctic methane appears plausible. Such a release could undermine or overwhelm gradual emissions reductions made elsewhere, and thus warrants technological intervention.”

Beckwith further points at paper by 21 Russian scientists, including Shakhova and Semiletov, who sum up the situation as follows: “The emission of methane in several areas of the East Siberian Shelf is massive to the extent that growth in the methane concentrations in the atmosphere to values capable of causing a considerable and even catastrophic warming on the Earth is possible.”

In the meantime, we wait with anticipation to see what the U.K. Royal Society's response will be, and if we will be able to hear of Shakhova and Semiletov's latest data and observations on the state of the Arctic. I, for one, would like to know everything about how the ‘Arctic air conditioner’ is really doing; wouldn't you?

Planetary Emergency Update

As I write the text above, a new article is released: “It’s Worse Than We Thought” — New Study Finds That Earth is Warming Far Faster Than Expected. A small excerpt: “Earlier this week, a new study emerged showing that the world was indeed warming far faster than expected. The study, which aimed sensors at the top 2,000 feet of the World Ocean, found that waters had warmed to a far greater extent than our limited models, satellites, and sensors had captured. In particular, the Southern Ocean showed much greater warming than was previously anticipated.”

Many thanks to Julian Warmington, Associate Professor at BUFS, Busan University of Foreign Studies, for editing this news report.

Related

Climate Change: Paul Beckwith discusses the threat of methane
Dr. Malcolm Light interview on climate change: 'Extreme national emergency'
Special presentations on climate change and its effects by Dr. Guy McPherson



Post by Sam Carana.

Horrific Methane Eruptions in East Siberian Sea

online engineering degree/engineering degree online/online engineering courses/engineering technology online/engineering courses online/engineering technician degree online/online engineering technology/electronic engineering online
A catastrophe of unimaginable propertions is unfolding in the Arctic Ocean. Huge quantities of methane are erupting from the seafloor of the East Siberian Sea and entering the atmosphere over the Arctic Ocean.


As the top image above shows, peak levels as high as 2363 ppb were recorded at an altitude of 19,820 ft (6041 m) on the morning of August 12, 2014. The middle image shows that huge quantities of methane continued to be present over the East Siberian Sea that afternoon, while the bottom image shows that methane levels as high as 2441 ppb were recorded a few days earlier, further indicating that the methane did indeed originate from the seafloor of the East Siberian Sea.

On August 12, 2014, peak methane levels at higher altitudes were even higher than the readings mentioned on above image. Levels as high as 2367 ppb were reached at an altitude of 36,850 ft (11,232 m). Such high levels have become possible as the huge quantities of methane that were released from the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean over the period from October 2013 to March 2014, have meanwhile descended to lower latitudes where they show up at higher altitudes.

Methane eruptions from the Arctic Ocean's seafloor helped push up mean global methane levels to readings as high as 1832 ppb on August 12, 2014.

Ironically, the methane started to erupt just as an international team of scientists from Sweden, Russia and the U.S. (SWERUS-C3), visiting the Arctic Ocean to measure methane, had ended their research.

Örjan Gustafsson describes part of their work: “Using the mid-water sonar, we mapped out an area of several kilometers where bubbles were filling the water column from depths of 200 to 500 m. During the preceding 48 h we have performed station work in two areas on the shallow shelf with depths of 60-70m where we discovered over 100 new methane seep sites.”

Örjan Gustafsson adds that “a tongue of relatively warm Atlantic water, with a core at depths of 200–600 m may have warmed up some in recent years. As this Atlantic water, the last remnants of the Gulf Stream, propagates eastward along the upper slope of the East Siberian margin, our SWERUS-C3 program is hypothesizing that this heating may lead to destabilization of upper portion of the slope methane hydrates.”

Schematics of key components of the Arctic climate-cryosphere-carbon system that are addressed by the SWE-C3 Program. a,b) Sonar images of gas plumes in the water column caused by sea floor venting of methane (a: slope west of Svalbard, Westbrook et al., 2009; b: ESAO, Shakhova et al., 2010, Science). c) Coastal erosion of organic-rich Yedoma permafrost, Muostoh Island, SE Laptev Sea. d) multibeam image showing pockmarks from gas venting off the East Siberian shelf. e) distribution of Yedoma permafrost in NE Siberia. f) Atmospheric venting of CH4, CO2. (SWERUS-C3)
Örjan Gustafsson further adds that SWERUS-C3 researchers have on earlier expeditions documented extensive venting of methane from the subsea system to the atmosphere over the East Siberian Arctic Shelf.

In 2010, team members Natalia Shakhova and Igor Semiletov estimated the accumulated methane potential for the Eastern Siberian Arctic Shelf alone to be as follows:
- organic carbon in permafrost of about 500 Gt;
- about 1000 Gt in hydrate deposits; and
- about 700 Gt in free gas beneath the gas hydrate stability zone.

Back in 2008, Shakhova et al. wrote a paper warning that “we consider release of up to 50 Gt of predicted amount of hydrate storage as highly possible for abrupt release at any time.”

Last year, a team of researchers including Professor Peter Wadhams calculated that such a 50 Gt release would cause global damage with a price-tag of $60 trillion.

As Prof Wadhams explains in the video below: “We really have no choice except to seriously consider the use of geoengineering.”



Sea surface temperatures as high as 18.8°C are now recorded at locations where warm water from the Pacific Ocean is threatening to invade the Arctic Ocean.

At the same time, huge amounts of very warm water are carried into the Arctic Ocean by the Gulf Stream through the North Atlantic. The image below illustrates how the Gulf Stream brings very warm water to the edge of the sea ice.

Waters close to Svalbard reached temperatures as high as 62°F (16.4°C) on July 29, 2014 (green circle). Note that the image below shows sea surface temperatures only. At greater depths (say about 300 m), the Gulf Stream is pushing even warmer water through the Greenland Sea than temperatures at the sea surface.

Since the passage west of Svalbard is rather shallow, a lot of this very warm water comes to the surface at that spot, resulting in an anomaly of 11.1°C. The high sea surface temperatures west of Svalbard thus show that the Gulf Stream can carry very warm water (warmer than 16°C) at greater depths and is pushing this underneath the sea ice north of Svalbard. Similarly, warm water from greater depth comes to the surface where the Gulf Stream pushes it against the west coast of Novaya Zemlya.


[ click on image to enlarge ]
As Malcolm Light writes in an earlier post: The West Spitzbergen Current dives under the Arctic ice pack west of Svalbard, continuing as the Yermak Branch (YB on map) into the Nansen Basin, while the Norwegian Current runs along the southern continental shelf of the Arctic Ocean, its hottest core zone at 300 metres depth destabilizing the methane hydrates en route to where the Eurasian Basin meets the Laptev Sea, a region of extreme methane hydrate destabilization and methane emissions.

The images below give an impression of the amount of heat transported into the Arctic Ocean.



The image below gives an idea how methane eruptions from the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean could unfold over the coming decades. For more on this image, see this post and this page.


As said, the situation is dire and calls for comprehensive and effective action, as discussed at the Climate Plan blog at climateplan.blogspot.com and as illustrated by the image below.




Post by Sam Carana.

Labels

_8th_Edition _D._A._(1996) _D._F._(2004)._Pounder's _E._C._(1996) _FT _LI) 1. Industrial application of pneumatics 1.5°C 1250 1900 2 Stroke Crosshead Engine Piston 2°C 2014 2015 2015-2016 2016 2016-2017 3-D printing 3-D-printed guns 3176C-and-3196-Marine-Engines-Engine-Safety 3D JOB 4-methylcyclohexane methanol 4G LTE 7 inch A diesel engine protection systems and alarms A dynamometer can be used to find the brake horsepower of an engine. A guide for correct entries in the oil record book A masters guide to berthing A positive displacement pump Principle of Operation A simplified overview of the revised Marpol Annex V (resolution MEPC.201(62)) A-Dictionary-of-Units-and-Conversions Abolition of Man abortion abrupt abrupt climate change AC Switchboards academic publishing ACARS accelerated accelerating access Accident_prevention_on_board_ship_at_sea_and_in_port ACCIDENTS.doc accord acid steel and basic steel ACRONYMS FOR ORGANIZATIONS act action actuation actuator Address Hotel fire Address of Shipping Companies Admiralty and maritime law adult sites advantages and disadvantages of using hydrogen Aereo AERONAUTICAL aerosols AEROSPACE aerospace engineering aesthetics of music Affdex Affectiva affective computing Affordable Care Act AGRICULTURE air bag Air compressors Air Conditioner Evaporator and Condenser Air Coolers and Cleaning Air ejectors Air Intake System air safety Air_Ejectors Air_Heaters air-defense system airbag inflator recall airbag recall airbags airline pilot airplanes airport security Akasaki Aker Solutions Alamo Alaska albedo Alec Guinness Alexander Woollcott Alfred Nobel algorithms AlphaGo aluminum composite panels Amano amateur radio Amber Joy Vinson AMEG Amendments (IMO amendments to SOLAS American Water Company ammonium nitrate amphibious vehicle amplification Amur River AN An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics An introduction to the IMDG code An Introduction to Thermodynamics Analysis and design of ship structure Analysis of Ship Structures and fuel lines. and Stern Tube and thermal efficiency Andreas Lubitz Andrew Carnegie Andrew Dessler Andrew Glikson Andrew Harvey Andrew Watson ANDROID Android project titles ANGLE OF HEEL-TURNING ANGLE OF HEEL-TURNING.ppt angle seat valve Animation projects animation stand anomalies anomaly Antarctica antenna Anthony Esolen Anthony john Wharton Apple Applied Heat Applied Mechanics Aquinas architecture archive Arctic Arctic Methane Emergency Group Arctic Ocean area AREA LEAD ENGINEER JOB Aristotle Arizmendiarrieta armed robbery and other acts of violence against merchant shipping art Arthur Eddington artificial intelligence As you are aware MEO Class IV (B) on line examinations Ashley Furniture Ashley Madison Asperger's syndrome assigned summer freeboard ASSIGNMENT OF FREEBOARD ASSIGNMENT OF FREEBOARD.ppt At max.continuous rating with engine running steadily ATF Atlantic Atlantic Ocean ATTEMPERATOR. augmented reality augmented-reality game Augustine Auschwitz auto safety AutoCAD AutoCAD Plant 3D automation AUTOMOBILE automotive industry automotive safety autonomous car autonomous vehicle autonomous vehicles autopilot AutoPLANT Job Auxiliary Machinery average aviation Azim Shariff Azle Babcock_M21_boiler babcock_wilcox Bach backscatter X-ray technology backup Baffin Island ball valve BALLAST AND BILGE PUMPING AND DRAINAGE ARRANGEMENTS Ballast water exchange procedures and their problems BANK JOBS BANK RECRUITMENTS banking Barrow Barry Diller barstool BASE jump baseline basic definitions for an engineer Basic definitions of engine construction Basic Electrical Objective questions Basic Electrical Objective questions on transformer basic engine definitions Basic Pneumatic Training Course Basic principles of marine engineering Basic principles of ship propulsion Basic principles.ppt Basic Properties of petroleum and its hazards Basic Thermodynamics gate notes Basic Thermodynamics Lecture Notes BASIC_MARINE_ENGINEERING BASIC_MARINE_ENGINEERING free download Basic_Ship_Theory_5E_VOLUME1 Basic_Ship_Theory_5E_VOLUME2 BASIC-MARINE-ENGINEERING Basics of Centrifugal pumps Basics of Heat Exchanger basics of mechanical engineering.basics which everyone has to know. basics.mworld battery explosion Beare_Technology_-_Innovative_Engine_Design. Beaufort Sea beautiful lie Beethoven Ben Simons Bering Strait Bernie Sanders Big Three Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Bill McGuire Bill McKibben Bio instrumentation Project titles BIO signal Project titles BIO-TECHNOLOGY BIOINFORMATICS BIOMEDICAL biometrics Biometrics projects birth control birth control chip bit hydraulics Bit Technology bitcoin black box black carbon black engineers black history BlackBerry blackout blackout or ship's alternator inside blow though Blow Through Boiler Gauge Glass blr_feed_water_treatment blr_refractories Blue Coat Systems blue LED blue light Blue Ocean BNSF body cameras boiler BOILER AUXILIARY COMPONENTS boiler blow down and auxiliary engine centrifugal pumps and more Boiler epariksha questions Boiler Fuel oil system boiler operator handbook BOILER TYPES boiler water treatment? Boiler_accesories BOILER_CONTROLS Boiler_feed_water_treatment Boiler_Mountings Boiler_Operator__s_Exam_Preparation_Guide Boiler_Operators_Handbook_By_Kenneth_E._Heselton_PE_CEM Boiler_refractories BOILER_TYPES Boilers and other pressure vessels BOILERS QUESTIONS FILL IN THE BLANKS / ANSWER boilertreatment bomb threat book publishing book sales books books4free booksforfree Boolean algebra Boston Molasses Disaster botnet bottomstructure. Brahms brain research brain science Brake horsepower Brendan Eich bribery bridge gauge Bridge team management A practical guide by Captain A J Swift FNI British thermal unit Brooke Melton Bruce Schneier building code building codes bullying Bunkering Operation on ships Buoyancy & Hookload bureaucracy cable TV CAD CADWORKS calcium carbide calibration California Department of Motor Vehicles California Public Utilities Commission calorific value Canada Cantal Capesize capture car bomb car infotainment system car pc carbon carbon capture carbon dioxide carbon monoxide carbon tax Carburetion and Fuel Injection CAREER Cargo hold coatings recommended working procedures CARGO PUMPS.doc CARGO TANK VENTING ARRANGEMENTS Cargo Ventilation by david anderson and daniel sheard casing and cementing CAT 2014 Questions Causes of static electricity CAUSES OF STATIC ELECTRICITY.doc Cave of El Castillo Cavitation Cavitation in pumps Cavitation why it occurs CAVITATION.doc CB&I Job CDC CDR cellphone cellphone tracker cellphone tracking censorship Center for Medical Progress Center of Excellence for Engineering Biology Central cooling System Centrifugal Pump Characteristic Curves Centrifugal Pump Classification by Flow Centrifugal Pump Components Centrifugal Pump Fundamentals Centrifugal pump principles and working procedure Centrifugal Pump Protection Centrifugal pumping operation CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Centrifugal Pumps Characteristics Centrifugal pumps construction CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS In Detail CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS In Detail By P.K.Nagarajan Centrifugal-Compressor-Operation centripetal force.ppt certificates and documents to be carried Certificates of Competency (CoC) CFC CGI CH4 change changed Chapter_1__Introduction_to_Mechanisms Chapter_2__Mechanisms_and_Simple_Machines Chapter_3__More_on_Machines_and_Mechanisms Chapter_4__Basic_Kinematics_of_Constrained_Rigid_Bodies Chapter_5__Planar_Linkages Chapter_6__Cams Chapter_7__Gears Charles Krauthammer Charles Tandy Charleston Charlie Miller Chartres Cathedral Checks to be made while running an diesel generator CHEMICAL chemical fire chemical safety Chemical Safety Board chemical tankers and gas carriers. CHEMICAL_DOSING_UNIT Chet Kanojia Chicago children and media chlorofluorocarbon Choke Valve Chris Vasalek Christopher Alexander Christopher Harper-Mercer Cindy Snodgrass circadian rhythm CIVIL civil engineering Civil projects class CLASS 2 questions topic list.doc class iv class iv checklist class iv epariksha pattern questions Class IV Marine Engineer Officer (Applied Mechanics) question papers class iv orals Class-2-Orals Class-2-Orals mmd exams classical music classIV clathrate clathrates clean Cleburne Cliff Frohlich climate climate change climate plan Climate Summit Clive Thompson cloud cloud computing CME CO CO2 Coatzacoalcos Code of practice for the safe loading abd unloading of bulk carriers code of safe working practice for australian seafarers Code of safe working practices for merchant seamen Cody Wilson coils COLD WORKING Cold_Hot_Working_Annealing collapse combination carriers combustion comedy film Command and Control common carrier communication studies COMP- PROJ-DOWN Comparision of 2 and 4 stroke COMPARISON OF STABILITY OF A SHIP IN THE LIGHT AND FULLY LOA.doc compatibilism compile xbmc Component of a pneumatic system comprehensive Compressed air preparation computer game computer science COMPUTER SCIENCE PROJECT DOWNLOADS COMPUTER(CSE) concentration Conduction Conduction and Radiation. CONFERENCE conflict of interest Congress Congressional mandate connecting rods conscientious objector conservative CONSTRUCTION - ALL SHIPS Construction and testing of watertight bulkheads Construction and testing of watertight decks construction cranes Construction Job Construction Methods construction of a tail shaft Consumer Product Safety Commission Container shipping: impact of mega containerships on ports in europe and the med Container stowage plans container terminals and cargo systems Containership continue contraception control Control Room control CONTROL VALVE controller Convection easy understanding copyright copyright laws Cordaro cornfield meet coronal mass ejection corporate culture Correcting an angle of loll.ppt corrosion found in the boiler and feed systems cortex m4 Counter flow CPUC Craig McCaw crane collapse CRANE MAINT.ppt crank_shaft Crankcase questions Crankshaft and camshaft crankshaft_construction crash Criminalization of Seafarers: Defining the Problem and Seeking Solutions critical service Cross flow Crude oil washing COW CRUDE OIL WASHING.doc CryoSat current currents CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES for marine engineers cyberattacks cyberbullying cyberwarfare cyclone cyclones cylinder head questions Cylinder liners questions Cylinder lubrication Cylinder lubrication of two-stroke crosshead marine diesel engines Cylinder_Combustion cylinderheads D J Eyres DAMAGE TO EXHAUST GAS BOILER Damascus incident Damascus nuclear accident Dan Gillmor Dan_B._Marghitu_Mechanical_Engineers_Handbook. dangerous Daniel Kieve Daniel Sarewitz Danish Load mark Danny Crichton dark web Darren Wilson Data and Goliath Data mining Projects date David Cameron David Keith David Spratt DCCC DDOS attack Deadweight death Debbie Sterling debian wheezy decade Deck Mark decks and inner bottoms decline Deep Blue deep web defeat device DEFECTS IN WELD Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee Democratic National Committee Department of Commerce depression depth Describe a governor Descriptions of Fluid Flows design DESIGN ENGINEER JOB Design guidelines Design projects Design_Of_Machinery_-_Robert_Norton_2Nd_Edition Design-Of-Ship-Hull-Structures-A-Practical-Guide-for-Engineers designer job Destin Sandlin determinism Deutsche physik Dick Cheney diesel diesel engine Diesel Engine Combustion and fuel questions Diesel Engine Emissions Diesel Engine Fundamentals Diesel Engine Principle and Practice:Starting gear Diesel Engine Principle and Practice:Transmission systems Diesel Engines by A J Wharton diesel exhaust fluid DieselEngine_ReferenceBook Difference between Boiling Point and Melting Point Different Types of Pumps different types of starting circuits of diesel engines Different Types of Tanks digital clone digital privacy DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING IEEE Project titles Directional Drilling disaster preparedness discovery discrimination Displacement display distinctive ships of 2009 Distress signals distress signals.doc diversity DNC DNS Donnie Dippel Dorsi Diaz Dot net projects Double hull tankers are they the answer? Downhole Motors Drafting DRC drift drilling drilling fluid Drillstring Basics driverless car drone drone delivery drone regulation drone safety DRS drug laws DRV Dry docking pictures Dry docking.ppt drydock DRYDOCKING Drydocking_Inspection DRYOCK.ppt Dubai hotel fire duck tour duct keels and ventilators DUKW Dyn dynamic Dynamical stability e-books e-cigarette e-cigarette explosion E. J. Dionne Eagle early adopter earth faults earth faults equipment earth faults maintenance earthed system earthing on shaft earthquake earthquake engineering earthquake forecast earthquake forecasting earthquake prediction earthquakes East Siberian Arctic Shelf East Siberian Sea Ebola ebook EBOOKS eclipse ecocide ecology ECT ECV Ed Kyle Eddie Rodriguez Edward Snowden edX effective eGalax egkrateia EgyptAir Flight 804 Einstein EIT exam Ekta Kalra El Nino El Niño Electric Reliability Council of Texas electric vehicle electric welding ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS ELECTRICAL MINI PROJECTS ELECTRICAL PROJECTS DOWNLOADS Electrical_Maintenance Electro Pneumatics Electro Technology electroconvulsive therapy Electronic control common rail type fuel injection system electronic medical records electronic privacy electronic voting electronics hobby ELECTRONICS MINI PROJECTS ELECTRONICS PROJECT DOWNLOADS electroshock therapy Elektronika Industri Elementary Drawing Ellsworth Elon Musk Elsevier email email archive email bankruptcy embedded EMERGENCY BILGE PUMP EMERGENCY PROCEDURE ON BLACKOUT emergency-switchboard EMG PROJECTS Emily Leproust Emission and Control emissions emissions standards employment EMR enclosure encrypted encryption encyclical energy energy policy Engine block manufacturing process Engine Control Engine Control by Fuel Injectors Engine Cooling Engine Lubrication Engine Protection engine room of a motor ship is ventilated engine suitable for a lifeboat Engine wont turn over to start ? engine_construction engineering courses engineering education engineering ethics engineering ethics cases engineering ethics exemplar Engineering In the Headlines Engineering Job Engineering Knowledge (Steam) Engineering Knowledge I Engineering Knowledge II Engineering Knowledge(Motor) Engineering management Engineering Mechanics Engineering Mechanics basics Engineering Mechanics for gate Engineering projects engineeringbooks Engineers Without Borders environmental engineering Environmental Protection Agency EPA epariksha epariksha bearing questions epariksha exams. epariksha for class iv epariksha online epariksha preparation notes Epariksha sample ERCOT Eric Schlosser eruption eruptions ESAS Especially written for the merchant navy essay grading Ethical and Otherwise ethical exemplars ethics ethics blog collection EU European Union exam_papers_Question_Papers_mmd Examination of Engine Drivers of Sea-going Ships Examination of Engineers of Fishing Vessels(Motor) EXAMINATION OF MARINE ENGINEER OFFICER ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE (GENERAL) EXAMINATION SYSTEM FOR MARINE ENGINEER OFFICER Exams exams at india mmd Excel Download Exhaust and inlet valves EXHAUST GAS BOILER Exhaust gases expert system exploding airbags explosion extent externality extinction extreme extreme weather extremism Exxon Mobil F-150 F-150 brake F.W_FLOW_CONTROL_VALVE. FAA Facebook factors affecting the shape of the curve of statical stability Facts fail close failure fall Familiarization of Digital Multi meters and Analog Multi meters family Family Hub family meals Fans and Blower design Fashionisto fasting faultline FBI FCC FDA February Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Radio Commission feeback feebates feed system feed water management feedback feedbacks Ferguson fertilizer Fertilizer Institute Fiat Chrysler Auto Field Piping Engineer FIELD_INSTRUMENT(LT final year projects financial fraud fire and ignition point fire code fire hazard fire investigation fire safety Fire_Protection fireworks First Law of Thermodynamics first responders FIRST robotics competition Fixed_CO2_Extinguishing_System flame arrestor flame screen flame speed FLAMMABILITY and flammable limits flash-back flashpoint of oil flat-screen TV flight recorder Flint water crisis Flirtey flood Fluid Machinery Fluid Machinery basics and lecture notes Fluid Mechanics fluid mechanics lecture notes online Fluor Job fm radio FOOD TECHNOLOGY Ford Fort Worth fossil fuel four_stroke_piston Fourth Amendment fracking fracking and earthquakes fractured fracturing Fram Strait FREE IEEE 2014 project Free IEEE Paper FREE IEEE PROJECTS free will freedom freedom of information French Alps French Revolution frequency allocation Fresh water cooling systems return Fresh Water Generator or Evaporator (Alfa Laval Type) Friedemann Freund Friedrich Hayek FSS) Fuel Injectors Fuel System fuel_injector Functions of Ships Main Engine Thrust Block Fundamental of MAN BW Common Rail Fuel Injection Fundamental of Sulzer Common Rail Fuel Injection Fundamentals of machine design FUNDAMENTALS OF METAL FORMING fusable link fusion power fusion reactor G-Electric_Charge G. K. Chesterton Galaxy Note 7 Galaxy recall Gary Houser Gary Salton gas over oil Gas Power Cycles Gas Welding Process GATE gate Engineering Mechanics gate fluid mechanics online gate heat and mass transfer gate industrial engineering gate Introduction_to_Turbulence notes gate KINEMATICS OF MACHINES gate Material Science gate notes online gate Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Notes GAte scorecard gate Strength of Materials Notes gate study material gate study notes gate valve gateMaterial selection and Design Notes Gates Foundation gauge glass General Engine Protection General Engineering Science General Mills General Motors General Problems Troubles in boiler generator crankshaft renewal genetic engineering genocide GeoCosmo geoengineering geomagnetic storm George Parkin Grant Germanwings Given Imaging Giving Pledge glaciers global global competition global warming Glossary of nautical terms Glossary_of_nautical_terms GM GM ignition recall GME_competence Go Gold King mine Golden Rule GoldieBlox Google Google Glass GoPro GoPro Mountain Games governor GOVT JOBS gpio GPS Graduate Piping Engineer Grand Mosque Green projects greenhouse gas greenhouse gases Greenland grid Gross Register Tonnage GSM BASED Guardians of Peace Guest authors Guide_to_ship_sanitation guidelines to mmd exams at india Gulf Stream gun control Gutenberg Guy McPherson GWP habitat hackers hacking Haiti earthquake hajj ham radio HANDBOOK ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING CATHODIC PROTECTION.rar HANDBOOK_ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_CATHODIC_PROTECTION Happy Friendship Day hard drive hardback books Harold Hensel Harpo Harris Corporation Harvard hashtag Hatch cover maintenance and operation by david byrne havoc Hazards of Compressed Air HBCU Health Information Technology For Economic and Clinical Health Act heat Heat and Mass Transfer Lecture Notes Online.Heat and Mass Transfer Notes for gate heat caused by friction in the bearings Heat Exchanger heat index Heathrow heating heatwave heavy metal Hegel Henry Adams Henry Ford Henry Petroski High high cycle high pressure high suction HIGHWAY History of oil transportation at sea Holds and hatch covers by A.Bilbrough and Co ltd hole hologram Honda Horsepower HOT WORKING hoverboard hoverboard fires How a mechanical seal works How alternating current is produced onboard How Are Emissions Regulated? how bourdon pressure gauges work How Can We Control Diesel Emissions? how containers are loaded how different compressors work How does a clamp meter work How Does an Air Conditioner Work? how does it control engine spend? How does Welding damage Eye sight? how electric welding is carried out how to how to blow through a boiler How To Use a Clamp meter? How_a_Rotocap_Works HUll FORM Hull forms Hulu Human Genome Project human rights Out of sight Humana Group Medicare humidity hurricane Hurricane Katrina hydrate hydrates hydraulic fracturing hydraulic override hydrogen hydrogen as an I.C.Engine fuel hydroxyl I Opt I see the problem IASI IC Engine IC Engine Performances ICANN ICAO ICCP ICCP system ice iCloud Identify various capacitors and understand their specifications IEEE 2014 projects ieee 2015 projects IEEE code of ethics IEEE computer science projects IEEE Paper IEEE PAPER 2015 ieee project titles IEEE projects IEEE Transactions IES IAS 20 Years Question Answers ignition switch ignition-switch recall Igor Semiletov illusion of safety imagine immortalist immortality IMO latest amendments imoconventions Impact Team Importance of maintaining log book records during a watch important points about centrifugal pumps cavitation Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System in detail about the engine type and code 6S70MEC IN-TANK_HEATER_FOR_F.W_FILTER_TANK India india shipping for exams INDUSTRIAL Industrial Application of Pneumatics Industrial Electronics Industrial Engineering Lecture Notes for gate Industrial Engineering S K Mondal’s Notes industrial revolution Industrial Switches industrial valves Inert Gas Generator Manual INERT GAS SYSTEM Inert Gas System IGS Complete Information Inerting information provider information wants to be free infrastructure Initial stability refers to stability ? Inner lubrication and pulse jet lubrication INNOVATIVE PROJECTS Inside Out Instagram instruction to Online Seat Booking For Examination instrument Insulated and earthed neutral system insulated system Insulation insulation tests insurance interchangeable INTERFACING Internal Combustion Engine Cycles of Operation International Maritime Dangerous Goods 2004 Edition International safety management code internet Internet governance Internet of things internships Interstate Highway System interview Intro_to_Marine_Engineering_D.A_Taylor_Revised_Second_Edition Intro_to_Naval_Architecture_3E Introduction to IC Engines and Air Pollution Introduction to IC Engines and Air Pollution gate notes Introduction to IC Engines and Air Pollution Notes Introduction_to_Marine_Engineering_(2nd_ed.)_TAYLOR Introduction_to_Naval_Architecture_(3rd_ed.)TUPPER Introduction_to_Turbulence for gate invisible man ion mobility spectrometry IoT iPad IPCC iPhone Iron Dome IRS scandal ISAC ISIS ISMcode isostatic rebound ISP ISPS Guidence to ship security plan Israel-Hamas conflict Israeli Defense Force IT IT LIST ITER iTunes IVCRF J. P. Moreland JAARS Jacket water Cooling Jacques Barzun James Hansen Japan Jaron Lanier Java projects Jean Harlow Jen Hatmaker Jennifer Francis Jennifer Hynes Jerome Lemelson Jet Propulsion jet stream Jewish physics Jim Pettit Joaquin jobs Joe Carson John Cornyn John Davies John Lennon John Nissen John Robison Joshua Brown Joshua Schulz Joy Hirsch judgment June 28 justice K.VENKATARAMAN. Marine notes Katasi Kathleen Vohs Katrina Ken Kanojia Kenefic Kennedy assassination kernel rebuild keyring Kim Jong Un Kindle KINEMATICS OF MACHINES for gate KINEMATICS OF MACHINES notes online for free Know_and_Understand_Centrifugal_Pumps Knowing and using the ILO and IMO instruments for the well-being of Seafarers and Fishers (on board and ashore) kodi Kolkata overpass collapse Kurt Cobain Kyle Kacal Kyoto Protocol labview projects Ladder diagram Ladder Logic Simulator Ladsim Lagrangian Description landslides Langdon Winner Lantern Ring Laptev Sea Larger diesel engines are often equipped with two lubricating systems Larry Ellison Larry Walters laser late adopter latent heat Latest Development in Engines LATEST TECHNOLOGY Laudato Si law enforcement Lawrence Lessig laws lawyers LAYOUT ENGINEER JOB Le Corbusier lead lead pipe Lead Piping Engineer learn center for epariksha. Learn Piping LEDs Lee Sedol legal legislation Lemelson Foundation Leonard Nimoy Leonid Yurganov levels levonorgestrel libertarian licensed professional engineer lid lie detector lifespan light exposure lightning Lightweight Likert scale limit limit switches linear linux list of project centers list of rights of women seafarers List-of-Certificates-and-Documents-required-on-Board lithium-ion battery living wage LNG DUAL FUEL ENGINE Load criteria for ship structurak design Load Line Length Loadline Mark Location and separation of spaces logbook Lois Lerner Lone Ranger longevity Look Me In the Eye loops Los Alamos National Labs low Low cost projects low suction low suction and high suction sea chest lowest LR Scantling Length Luby's Lucy Lysenkoism m.com M/E Machinery's_Handbook_27th_Edition Mackenzie River Magpie Main Switch Board(MSB) Safeties mainengine Maintenance_Engineering_Handbook_by_Lindey_R_Higgins_R_keith_Mobley Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 Malcolm Light Malfunction and troubleshooting for diesel engine malware MAN BW K/L/S80-90MC manager Manila Amendments New Requirement Changes mantle methane manual override Manufacturing of brake disc Manufacturing of Integrated Circuits Manufacturing of Plastic Bottles Marcel Proust Marilynne Robinson MARINE MARINE ELECTRICAL KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS ANSWERS Marine Engineer Officer (Applied Mechanics) - Class I Marine Engineer Officer (Applied Mechanics) - Class IV Marine Engineer Officer (Electro Technology) - Class I Marine Engineer Officer (Electro Technology) - Class II Marine Engineer Officer (Electro Technology) - Class IV Marine Engineer Officer (Engineering Drawing) - Class IV Marine Engineer Officer (General Engineering Science 1) - Class III Marine Engineer Officer (General Engineering Science 2) - Class III Marine Engineer Officer (Heat Engines) - Class I Marine Engineer Officer (Heat Engines) - Class IV Marine Engineer Officer (Mathematics) - Class IV Marine Engineer Officer (Mechanics and Hydromechanics) - Class II Marine Engineer Officer (Naval Architechture) - Class I Marine Engineer Officer (Naval Architechture) - Class II Marine Engineer Officer (Ship Construction and Stability) - Class IV Marine Engineer Officer (Thermodynamics and Heat Transmission) - Class II Marine Engineer Officer Question Papers Marine Engineer Officer Questions Papers (Electro Technology) - Class IV Marine Engineer Officer(Marine Engineering Practice) - Class II Marine Engineering Knowledge (Steam) - Class IV Marine Engineering Knowledge 2- Class III Marine Engineering Knowledge I - Class III Marine Engineering Knowledge(General) - Class I Marine Engineering Knowledge(General) - Class II Marine Engineering Knowledge(General) - Class IV Marine Engineering Knowledge(Motor) - Class I Marine Engineering Knowledge(Motor) - Class II Marine Engineering Knowledge(Motor) - Class IV Marine Engineering Knowledge(Steam) - Class I Marine Engineering Knowledge(Steam) - Class II Marine Engineering Practice - Class IV Marine Growth Preventing System Marine Insurance and claims Marine Safety’s Service Standards Marine_Auxiliary_Machinery_7th_ed._-_H._McGeorge_(1995)_WW Marine_Auxiliary_Machinery-McGeorge_7th_edition Marine_Diesel_Engine_(_GME_Competence_6) Marine_diesel_engine(dual) Marine_Diesel_Engines_and_Gas_Turbines_(8th_ed.)WOODYARD Marine_Diesel_Engines_Gas_Turbines_8E_by_POUNDER MARINE_ELECTRICAL_KNOWLEDGE Marine_Electro_Technology orals Marine_Emergency_Response_and_Communications Marine_Engineering_Class-3 Marine_Engineering_Knowledge_General orals Marine_Engineering_Knowledge_Motor orals Marine_Engineering_Practice Orals marinebooks marineengineer marinenotes mariner Mariner's_Handbook_2004 marinerboo Maritime Practice In India By Shrikant Hathi and Binita Hathi Maritime Safety and legislation breathing apparatus Maritime Safety and legislation command and control Maritime Safety and legislation extinguishing agents and portable extinguishers Maritime Safety and legislation fire detectors Maritime Safety and legislation fire hazards in the engine room and various parts of the ship Maritime Safety and legislation Fixed co2 Extinguishing Systems Maritime Safety and legislation Fixed Extinguishing Systems Fire mains and fire hydrants hoses Maritime Safety and legislation Fixed Extinguishing Systems sprinkler and hi fog systems Maritime Safety and legislation fixed foam systems Maritime Safety and legislation ship construction Maritime transportation safety management and risk analysis by Svein Kristiansen Mark Hood Mark Jacobson Mark Z. Jacobson Mark Zuckerberg Marks'_Standard_Handbook_for_Mechanical_Engineers Markus Persson MARPOL Mars One Marshall McLuhan Martin Ford Mary Barra mass shooting mass surveillance Masters guide to shipboard accident response Material Acceleration Material Engineer material handling Material Science Notes Material Science Notes for gate Material selection and Design Notes for gate materials used to make cylinder line math Matlab codes MATLAB PROJECT TITLES MATLAB PROJECTS maximum MBA MBA 2015 projects MC-C MCA McDERMOTT Job MCHM MDS JOB ME mean meant by thermo dynamic Measures to counter piracy measuring specifi gravity Mecca MECHANICAL mechanical efficiency MECHANICAL PROJECTS DOWNLOAD MECHANICAL PROPERTIES mechanical properties of a material.mechanical properties Mechanical Seal Types Mechanical Seals MECHANICAL_SCIENCE_vol1 mechanism MEK MEK GENERAL ORALS MEK MOTOR ORALS melt melting meltwater MEO Applied Mechanics MEO Applied Mechanics Question Papers MEO Class 4 Oral Questions MEO Class IV MEO Examination Class iv checklist MEP MEP Orals Mercedes-Benz merchant merchant navy Merchant ship construction by H J Pursey extra master mercury-vapor lamp MET MET ORALS MET_MEP_MEK methane methane monster methanol methanol as motor fuel methanol economy metldown MetOp MGPS system on ships Michael Brown Michael Mann MicroCHIPS Microsoft microstampin MICROSTATION mind reading Minecraft MINI PROJECTS minimum minions misery index mission to Mars Mississippi Power MIT MMD MMD E-Pariksha mmd exam papers mmd india mmd online booking. mmd oral questions mmd orals mmd question papers Mo. mobile phone Model Question Papers Model S modelling projects Mondragon monetize Montreal Protocol Moore's Law moral authority moral law moral limits moral reasoning morality Motherboard Motor Cooling system questions motor fuel Motor_EK_notes_by_Glassgow_UK moving stall MP3 MP3 cutter Mp4 Mr. Spock Multi stage centrifugal pump multi-year music and technology Nakamura NASA Natalia Shakhova Nathan Currier National Highway Traffic Safety Administration National Highway Transportation Safety Administration National Institutes of Health National Rifle Association National Science Foundation National Security Agency National Sheriffs' Association National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children Nautical Terms Naval architecture Naval_Architecture_Ship_Construction navigation Navigation Rules International Inland Navigational calculations Navit Navy Terminology NCIIA NEMA NERC NET net neutrality Net Positive Suction Head Net Register Tons network effect network neutrality Networking topics New York Newark NHTSA Nick Breeze Nick Holonyak Nick Paumgarten NIH Nina Pham Nintendo Nitriding NOAA Nobel Prize nonpracticing entities North Korea North Pole North Seattle College Notes on ship handling NPE NRA ns2 projects NSA NSBE NSF NSPE NTSB nuclear accident nuclear energy nuclear power nuclear power plants nuclear reactor nuclear safety nuclear waste nuclear weapon NYPD X-ray van Obama Obamacare OBD-II port Objective questions for e pariksha class iv mmd exams objective questions for epariksha Objective questions on boilers Oc ean ocean ocean heat odd north east ODI ODMCS OEM oil and gas management Oil cooling Oil tanker operations in detail OIL_BURNERS OIL_DETECTOR_FOR_FEED_WATER_TANK. oldest color videotape olivine omnicide On-line examination for MEO Class IV (B) online booking at mmd online epariksha online exam for class iv Online GATE Mock Exam online jobs OPEC open access open hearth process of steel manufacture opencarpc openElec openocd Openstreetmap Operation of a Governor OPERATION OF INERT GAS SYSTEM Operation of the Governor OPERATION_AND_MAINTENANCE_OF_AUXILIARY_BOILERS Oral questions for exams of mmd orals for class iv Orbital Sciences ordinary flyweight type organizational engineering Örjan Gustafsson Orville Redenbacher out of mind. Overspeed Trip Test Device ownership ozone Pacific Pacific Gas & Electric Panhandle Parallel flow Parallel midbody Paris Paris Agreement Part ‘B’ Particulate Materials password patent examiner patent law Patent troll Patrick McNulty pattern language Paul Beckwith Paul Debevec PBS PDF Download PDMS pdms admin PDMS Command PDMS JOB PDMS Material pdms piping designer job PDMS TRICKS PDMS Video PDNS PDS PDS JOB PDS piping designer PE license PE licensing peak peat Pemex Peoples Climate March permafrost personal photos Personal Safety on ships Peter Wadhams petrochemical PG&E Philadelphia train wreck philosophy and technology physical test of boilers PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELLING projects physiotheraphy Projects pickup pieces pilgrimage pingos Pipe Rack Pipe Support PIPE SUPPORT DESIGNER pipeline Pipeline Designer Piping Piping Calculation PIPING CHECKER Piping Data Piping Design Engineer Piping Design system Piping designer Piping Designer Job Piping Draftsman Job Piping en Piping Engineer PIPING ENGINEER JOB PIPING JOB piping layout Piping Layout Engineer Piping lead Piping News Piping standards Piping Stress Engineer PIPING SUPERINTENDENT Piping Supervisor Job Piping Tips Piping Video piston_ring pixels plan planned obsolescence Planned Parenthood Planned Parenthood vs. Casey Plant Plant Engineering Plate PLC plumes plutonium plutonium foam Plymouth University PMC pneumatic actuator Pneumatic complete lecture note Pneumatic Cylinders Pneumatic tutorial problems Pokémon Go Polar vortex police pollution Pollution prevention polygraph polynomial Pope Francis Port State Control a guide for members Positive Train Control power assist brakes Power electronics power grid power system projects Power to the people ppb Practical_Marine_Electrical_Knowledge Practice EPariksha Online MMD Final Exams pre-industrial pre-industrial levels Precautions to be taken when blowing down a boiler Preheater presentation President President Obama PRESS__TEMP_SENSOR PRESS__TEMP_SENSOR_LOCAL_GAUGE_BOARD pressure pressure gauges prestressed concrete Prevailing Wind Preventing Cavitation Prevention of Earth Faults equipment and maintenance previous question papers Priming Centrifugal Pumps Principal Piping Engineer principle printf privacy privacy rights procedure taken before dry-docking a vessel process process control Process data PRODUCTION production engineering Programing PIC microcontrollers project centers project downloads prolife Prop Shaft propeller Propeller shaft earthing system Prosthesis projects PROTECTION AGAINST POWER LOSS Protection and Maintenance protocol PSN Jobs psychological objectivity PTC publican PUMP purifiers push button PVC pyrite QuakeFinder Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Question and answer for master oral examination question papers Questions on Bearings questions papers rack and pinion radio Radio Shack radium girls Rafael RAILWAY RECRUITMENT 2012 Rana el Kaliouby raspberry pi raspberry pi 2 raspbian rational objectivity Ray DeGiorgio Ray DiGiorgio Raytheon rds rebar recall Recent RECENT TECHNOLOGY RECENT TECHNOLOGY LIST Reciprocating Compressors Reciprocating Pumps Reclaiming Catholic Social Teaching recombinant DNA record RECRUITMENT red LED red-flag law red-light cameras Redflex reflectivity Refrigeration and Air Conditioning gate notes Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Notes refrigeration cycle using this cycle diagram Refrigeration-and-air-conditioning refrigerator regulation Rehabilitation projects reinforced concrete release removal renewable renewable energy renewable power Repair and Maintenance of Centrifugal Pumps repurpose Residual Stress In Weld Resistance Seam Welding Resistance Spot Welding resistive Resistor Color Code Identification Resistor Colour Coding Resistor Colour Coding online Calculater respiration projects RESUME FORMAT. retransmission fee retransmission fees reversing mechanism Review of maritime transport Richard J. Foster Ring Of Fire Ring Of Ice Ring Tone Cutter rise Rob Howarth Robert Zubrin robot moral reasoning robotics Robotics projects. Robots in medical rocker_gear_and_valves Roelof Schuiling Roger Scruton Rolex Roman Catholic Church Ronald Falcon Scott Rosalind Picard Ross Ulbricht Ross William Ulbricht Rotary Compressors rotary encoder Rotational molding process rotex Royal Society RSArctic14 rumor mill runaway runaway global heating runaway warming Russia safe Safety safety code SAFETY COMBUSTION CONTROLS safety regulation safety system SAFETY_COMBUSTION_CONTROLS Salado bridge collapse Sally Yates sam carana SAMPLING_COOLER Samsung Samsung recall San Bernardino attack San Bruno explosion sandwich panels satellite tracking saving science SCADA scanner Scavenge air cooler scholarships/loans for engineering students Sci-Hub science and technology studies Scientific American scope scope in india scotch yoke Scott Tibbetts SCS sea sea ice sea level sea level rise sea surface sea surface temperature sea surface temperatures Sea water cooling seabed Seabees Seafarers seafloor seal Seam Welding seatbelt Seattle crash Second Law of Thermodynamics security security camera sediments self-advertising self-driving car self-reinforcing Sen. Ted Cruz SENIOR PIPING DESIGNER sensitivity separators sequestration shaft shaft earthing system Sheet Metal Work using SolidWorks Sheila Jasanoff Shielded Metal Arc Welding: (SMAW) Ship construction ship design Ship design lecturer notes for marine engineers SHIP FACTORS THAT AFFECT MANOEUVRING Ship inspection report SIRE programme vessel inspection questionnaries for oil tankers Ship measurement deadweight or displacement Ship Nomenclature Ship Security Alert System SHIP STABILITY AND BUOYANCY Ship to ship transfer guide petroleum third edition 1997 International chamber of shipping oil companies international marine forum Ship to shore .. a practical guide to coastal and marine interpretation Ship_Construction Naval Arch Orals Ship_Safey_Environment_Protection Orals ship-construction-sixth-edition-d-j-eyres ship's alternator Ship's Safety and Environmental Protection - Class II Ship's Safety and Environmental Protection - Class IV Shipboard oil pollution emergency plans Shipping companies address for mariners shipping companies in india Shipping industry guidance on the use of Oily Water Separators Ensuring compliance with MARPOL ships Ships electrical plant and distribution system for the A.C. generators shuttle tankers SI and CI Engines si4703 Siberia Silicon Valley Silk Road simplicity single collar thrust block Single entry centrifugal pump Single Phasing in AC Motors Singularity Siren Server Six stroke engine sizing Slate sleep cycles slushy smart guns Smarter Every Day Smarter Than You Think smartphone smartphone app smartphones smartphones and children smike smoke Smoot-Hawley tariff snow SO2 social construction social network jobs sodium azide sodium cyanide software software engineering Solar Dryer solar energy solar panels Solar projects solar storm SOLAS SOLAS International convention for the safety of life at sea solenoid some orals question for class iv Songs Cutter Sony hack Sony Pictures Entertainment soot sour gas South Pole SP3D JOB space exploration space flight SpaceShipTwo specific heat Speech-music separation-Abstract speed and drift speeding spiritual discipline spontaneous combustion Spoolgen sports camera Sprint Spyware SSAS SSEP SSEP Orals SST St. Francis stability formaulae in detail stability is determined by the relationship of the center of gravity and the ? stainless steel refrigerator standards Star Wars Starting and Reversing Problems in Marine Engines Starting Circuits Starting Circuits of a generator Starting Circuits of an diesel engine Starting procedure of a generator engine State the difference between ME and MC engine State the difference between ME engine and RT flex engine? STATIC ELECTRICITY RELATING TO OIL TANKERS Statutory certificates and documents to be carried on board by all ships steering wheel controls steering_gear_FF STEM Stephan's Law Stephen Salter Steve Case Steven Sherwood Stingray stm32f3 stoorm stop stop-arm violation camera storm storms STRENGTH of a welded joint Strength of Materials Notes by Prof. SATISH C . SHARMA Strength of Materials Notes for gate STRESS CONCENTRATION IN WELD STRESS ENGINEER structural engineering Structural strength STS Stuffing Box Stuxnet subliminal advertising submarine submarine patent Submerged arc welding: (SAW) submit question papers of mmd suicide sulzer Sulzer Common Rail Fuel Injection Systems summit Supercharging surface surface. temperature surge surveillance surveillance software surviving disaster the titanic and solas suspension problem Svalbard SWERUS-C3 switch detent plunger Switches synchronization syncing synthetic DNA Taiwan earthquake Takata take down the Internet talking cars Tanker safety Tanker safety guide liquefied gas tDCS Technical and operational update for bulk carriers technological unemployment TECHNOLOGY Technology Choices technology management tectonic plate TELE COMMUNICATION telegraph temperance temperature temperature anomalies temperature anomaly temperatures Terms Pertaining to ship structures terrorism Tesla Tesla fatality Testing gauge glass and water column tests in a sample of boiler water Tests of watertight doors Texas Ag Industries Association Texas City disaster Texas Department of Transportation Texas earthquakes Texas Health Presbyterian Center Texas Highway Department Texas Railroad Commission Texas State University Texas wind farms TEXTILE texting texting while driving thalidomide The 2 Stroke Crosshead Engine Piston The Curse of the Cloud The Death of Adam the ethics of invention The Free Surface Effect the great unraveling The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities The International Maritime Organization The Interview The Man In the White Suit the Mast The Merchant Shipping Acts and amendments in detail The Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services The Russians Are Coming The Russians Are Coming The Snake Pit The Turnomat valve of the cylinder the upward pressure of displaced water is called The_2_Stroke_Crosshead_Engine. The_2_Stroke_Diesel_Cycle The_4_Stroke_Diesel_Cycle THE_AIR_STARTING_SYSTEM_HOW_AN_ENGINE_STARTS_ON_AIR The_Turnomat_Valve_Rotator THE-LEARNING-RESOURCE-for-marine-engineers-super-book the-turnomat-valve-rotator Thermal Properties of Engineering Materials Thermohaline Circulation thermonuclear fusion thickness Thomas Edison Thomas Eric Duncan Thorne Lay threat Three Methods of Analysis Three Types of Ship Structures Tianjin explosion timeless way of building Timex Timpson TMS tobacco politics Tom Wheeler TOP ENGINEERING COLLEGES Tor torque Torque & Drag Torstein Viðdalr touch screen touchscreen toxic waste Toyota train wreck Trainee Job Training transcranial direct current stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation transhumanism transhumanist transition Transportation Security Administration trend troubleshooting antifouling paints Troubleshooting_and_Repair_of_Diesel_Engines truckdriver trunks tsunami Tube and Shell tubulars tunnels Turbine Turbo-Charger | What Is Turbo Charger | Super Charger | Functions Of Turbo Charger | Turbo Charger Parts Turbocharger Deposits and Cleaning Turbocharging Turbocharging and Supercharging tutorial TV broadcasting TV in restaurants tweet tweets Twist Bioscience Twitter Two Stroke Cycle two_stroke_piston two-stroke crosshead marine diesel engines TxDOT Types of cargo pumps Types of Heat Exchanger Construction Types of Heat Exchangers Types Of Motor Enclosures Types of motor protection device Types of scavenging TYPES OF VALVES TYPES_OF_BOILERS Types_of_scavenging typhoon U. S. Environmental Protection Agency U. S. Geological Survey U. S. Naval Research Laboratory U. S. patent U. S. Patent and Trademark Office U. S. Supreme Court U.S. UAS ubuntu Ulysses Cephas Umpqua Community College UN Underwriters Laboratories United Nations Up With Authority upgrade urea US-JOBS usart use of force useful for online epariksha utilitarianism V2V Valve valve and valve gear valve and valve gear mechanism Valve Handbook valve_and_valve_gear valve-and-valve-gear valves valves are fitted to double bottom Valves in detail description vane Vanguard Vannevar Bush vaping vapor Variable geometry turbochargers vehicle-to-vehicle communications Veli Albert Kallio vent ventilation and gas measurement Ventilation of pump rooms and other enclosed spaces vents vessel's principal dimensions videos Vijg Viking ship VIN vinyl chloride Virgin Galactic virtue virus Visual navigation aids VLSI volcanoes Volkswagen volume volumetric efficiency voyage charter VTech VW VW emissions W. L. Craig Ward Leonard Speed Control System for a DC Motor warm warm water warming wartsila rta series Waste Isolation Pilot Plant water water detected in fuel oil Water hammer water supply water vapor WATER_WASHING_HOSE Water-ring primer wateranalysis Watertight doors watertreatment Watertube Boilers wave waves Waze wearable technology Wearing Rings weather weather routing a new approah weathering webcam Wei-Hock Soon weight on bit weld weld defects their causes and how to correct them weld inspection welded joints in detail Welding in detail welding process Welding-Question and answers-for-Students well planning West explosion West Fertilizer Company West fertilizer explosion West Virginia Westinghouse wet bulb What Are Diesel Emissions? What Are Hydrocarbon Traps? What are the angle for v engine and what is their maximum limit. what are the List of Stores on board What Causes Machine Vibration? what does WORK SHOP contains ? What is a cam less engine ? What is A Clamp Meter What Is a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst? What is a Hydrophore System ? What is a planimeter ? What is a Steam Trap? What is an Incinerator ? what is Conduction what is Convection What is Hot Well ? What is meant by Convection What is motor enclosure What is pilgrim nut ? and its use and purpose what is Radiation What is Ship Security Alert System (SSAS)? What is TEU ? What is the Difference between a Humidifier and Vaporizer? What is the Jacket Cooling Water Expansion Tank ? What is the length of crank web What is the meaning of indicator diagrams? what is water hammer What test is carried out wheezy Where is the expansion of main engine accommodated ? Who Owns the Future? Why are indicator diagrams taken ? why boiler treatment Wild Weather Swings wildfire wildfires William J. Watkins Jr. wind wind energy Windows XP winds winter WIPP wireless wireless car hack WMO women engineers women in engineering Woodward speed governor WordPerfect working principle workplace safety World War II World War III WorleyParsons Job WWS X Factor xbmc xbmc 12 xbmc 12.2 xbmc frodo xbmc gotham Y2K Yale Brain Function Lab Yik Yak YouTube